B. Pharm Syllabus 2014 Submitted To Rguhs 3g89

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore

Draft copy of Revised Syllabus of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) Degree Course

w.e.f. 2014-15

Forwarded by Chairman – BOS in Pharmacy (UG)

REVISED ORDINANCE GOVERNING BACHELOR OF PHARMACY (B. PHARM.) DEGREE COURSE

2014

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka 4th ‘T’ Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore – 560 041

Revised Ordinance Governing Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm.) Degree Course

This book can be had from :

Director Prasaranga Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka 4th ‘T’ Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore – 560 041 Web:www.rguhs.ac.in

CONTENTS Page

Section I

Emblem of RGUHS Vision Statement of RGUHS Notification Goals of Education and Training in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Section II

Aims and Objectives of B. Pharm Course

Section III

Regulations

Section IV

Course Contents

Section V

Ethics in Pharmacy

Section VI

Norms and Standards

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Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka 4th ‘T’ Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore – 560 041

Phone : 080-26961933/35, 26961926, 26961928, 26961930, 26961947 Website : www.rguhs.ac.in

Ref. No. :

Date:

NOTIFICATION Sub: Revised Ordinance pertaining to B. Pharm Degree course Ref: i) Minutes of Academic Council Meeting held on ii) Minutes of the 44th Syndicate meeting held on *** In exercise of the powers conferred under sec. 35(1) of the RGUHS Act, the Syndicate at its meeting held on ________ has been pleased to approve the Revised Ordinance pertaining to B. Pharm Degree course given in scheduled here to annexed. The Revised Ordinance as above shall come into effect from the academic year 20142015 onwards. By Order Registrar To 1. The Principals of all Pharmacy Colleges d to RGUHS. 2. All the of the Syndicate / Senate / Academic Council Copy to: 1. Secretary to Governor, Raj Bhavan, Bangalore – 560 001 2. Secretary to Government, Medical Education, Health & Family Welfare Department, 3rd Stage, M.S. Building, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore – 560 001. 3. PA to Vice-Chancellor/Registrar/Registrar (Eva) / Finance Officer / Consultant, Curriculum Development, Computer/PRO, RGUHS. 4. All officers in the University. 5. Guard file, Office Copy.

SECTION I GOALS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES OF RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA The pharmacy curriculum shall be oriented towards educating student of B.Pharm course to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8.

Imbibe the concept of better patient health care at every face of Health related activities. Should be capable of functioning independently in both rural and urban environment. Appraise fellow professionals in Hospitals, Community and Industry of newer developments in pharmacy. Be a part of National & International sponsored health education programmes. Educate the community about disease prevention measures, community hygiene and better health. Inculcate critical thinking, clarity of expression, independent thinking and scientific temperament. Encourage active learning methods like group discussions, Seminars, peer interactions etc., which would enable students to develop discipline, personality, communicating skills, and other qualities, which are necessary. Be able to produce and market dosage forms and be responsible in minimizing the pollution hazards, by using proper scientific and logical techniques.

Regular periodic assessment sha1lbe done throughout the course. Examinations shall be designed with a view to assess not merely the knowledge but also practical skills, habits and values which are necessary for a pharmacy graduate to carry out the professional obligations competently. Towards achieving these goals every pharmacy College should: 

Evolve institutional objectives, which would be in consonance with the national goals and health policies.



Shift the role of pharmacy teachers from merely imparting knowledge to that of facilitator and motivator of student learning.



Establish an institution for faculty development, preparation of learning resource materials and for improving evaluation methods.



Encourage and facilitate for industry-Academic interaction.

SECTION II AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF B.PIIARM COURSE Aims: Pharmacy graduates are required to learn and acquire adequate knowledge, necessary skills to practice the profession of pharmacy including thorough and exhaustive knowledge of synthesis and assay of Medicinal agents including mode of action, drug interactions and Patient counseling and professional information exchange with Physicians and other paramedics The graduates are required to acquire an in-depth knowledge of formulation, storage and analysis of various pharmaceutical dosage forms including herbal medicines required for both large scale commercial production & research. The graduates should understand the concept of Community Pharmacy and be able to participate in rural and urban health care projects of State and Central government. The graduate is also required to detail the physicians and community' and market the medicinal agents for diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic purposes. The pharmacist should act as bridge between Physicians and Patients and strive for better healthcare. Objectives: The objectives are covered under three headings namely: (a) Knowledge and understanding (b) Skills and (c) Attitude (a) KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING The graduate should acquire the following during their four year B Pharm course 1. Adequate knowledge and scientific information regarding basic principles of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Pharmaceutics including cosmetics, Pharmacology/ and Pharmacognosy including Herbal drugs 2. Adequate knowledge of practical aspects of synthesis, formulation and analysis of various pharmaceutical and Herbal medicinal agents 3. Adequate knowledge of practical aspects of delivering a quality assured product as per pharmacopoeia, WHO and ISO standards 4. Adequate

knowledge

of

practical

aspects

of

standardization biological and in-vivo drug interactions.

pharmacological

screening,

5. Adequate knowledge of clinical studies for patient counseling leading to physical and social well being of patients. 6. Adequate knowledge of practical aspects of product detailing and marketing of Pharmaceutical products. (b) SKILLS A graduate should be able to demonstrate the following skills necessary for practice of a pharmacy. 1. Able to synthesize purify, identify and analyze medicinal agents. 2. Able to formulate, store, dispense, analyze the prescriptions and / or manufacture the medicinal agents at commercial level. 3. Able to learn and apply the quality assurance principles including legal and ethical aspects involving drugs. 4. Able to extract, purify, identify and know the therapeutic value of herbal / crude / natural products. 5. Able to screen various medicinal agents using animal models for pharmacological activity. (C) ATTITUDES The graduate should develop the following attitudes during their four year B.Pharm course. 1. Willing to apply the current knowledge of pharmacy in the best interest of patients and the community. 2. Maintain a high standard of professional ethics in discharging professional obligations. 3. Continuously upgrade professional information and be conversant with latest advances in Pharmacy field to serve the community better. 4. Willing to participate in continuing education programmes of PCI and AICTE to upgrade knowledge and professionals skills. 5. To help and to participate in the implementation of National Health programs.

Section III REGULATIONS I. Minimum qualification for ission to the course 1. Candidates who have ed two years P.U.C. examination of Karnataka P.U.C. Board or an equivalent examination of any other approved Board or university with not less than 40% marks in any combination comprising P.C.M. or P.C.B. or P.C.M.B. or P.C. and Computer Science (P.C.CS.) or P.C. and Electronics (P.C.E.) or P.C. and Information Science (P.C.IS.) or P.C. and Biotechnology (P.C.Bt.). Note: In respect of candidates who have taken P.C.M.B. combination the aggregate of P.C.M. or P.C.B. whichever is higher shall be considered for the purpose of ission. 2. In case of students belonging to SC/ST or category-I, the minimum percentage of marks for ission to B. Pharm. course shall be not less than 35% in P.U.C. or an equivalent examination of any other approved Board or university in any combination comprising P.C.M. or P.C.B. or P.C.M.B. or P.C. and Computer Science (P.C.CS.) or P.C. and Electronics (P.C.E.) or P.C. and Information Science (P.C.IS.) or P.C. and Biotechnology (P.C.Bt.). 3. Candidates who have ed D. Pharm. course approved by Pharmacy Council of India shall also be eligible to this course and shall be itted directly to II B. Pharm. course 10% over and above the sanctioned intake and shall have to study Mathematics, Computer Sciences, and Statistics of I B. Pharm. in addition to the II B. Pharm. subjects. 4. Candidates who have qualified examination listed by Association of Indian Universities (AIU). 

Vide Notification:

II. Age: Minimum age for entry to I B. Pharm. course shall be 17 years as on 31 st December of that year. III. Duration of the course The course of study for B. Pharm. shall extend over a period of four academic years and three academic years for those itted to second B. Pharm. directly. The curricula and syllabii for the course shall be prescribed from time to time. IV. Medium of Instruction and Examinations Medium of Instruction and Examination shall be English.

V. Attendance and Progress A candidate is required to put in atleast 80% attendance in theory and practical subjects separately in a recognized institution approved by and d to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka. The candidate shall complete the prescribed course satisfactorily to be eligible to appear for the respective examinations. VI. Course of study The course of study for B. Pharm. I, II, III, and IV year shall include the respective Theory & Practical subjects as given in Tables - I, II, III, and IV respectively. The number of hours to be devoted to each Theory and Practical subject in an academic year shall not be less than that shown in the tables. VII. Approval of institution conducting the course of study The regular course for B. Pharm. I, II, III, and IV year under clause V shall be conducted by an institution approved by All India Council for Technical Education, Pharmacy Council of India and d to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka. The approval and affiliation will be granted only if adequate arrangements for teaching-infrastructural facilities, accommodation, equipments, chemicals, glassware, library, and teaching and nonteaching staff are provided as required under the norms of Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka. VIII. Academic Work A regular record of attendance both in theory and practicals shall be maintained by the teaching staff of respective subjects. Internal Assessment Marks: A. Theory: Three sessional examinations evenly spread during the academic year shall be conducted by the d colleges. The average marks of the best two examinations shall be computed out of a maximum of 30 marks and shall constitute the sessional award in theory. Provided further the colleges may conduct one special theory sessional examination towards the end of the academic session for those who might have missed any one of the regular sessional examination, the portion prescribed shall be the entire syllabus of the subject. B. Practical: Students are expected to perform the number of experiments listed in the respective syllabus. The number of experiments are also listed. Marks shall be awarded out of a maximum of 10 to each of the practical exercise and an average of those shall be computed out of maximum of 10 marks. In addition, three practical sessional examinations evenly spread during each academic year shall be conducted. The average

marks of the best two practical examinations shall be computed out of a maximum of 20 marks. A total of 30 marks shall constitute the sessional award in practical. While awarding the sessional marks for practical experiments, the following considerations should be taken into . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Preparation of the candidate. Manipulative skills. Results of the experiment. Knowledge of the experiment. Viva voce pertaining to the experiments only.

The college shall maintain the sessional books of the students and the record of sessional award of the students. A regular record of both theory and practical class work and sessional examinations conducted in an institution imparting the course shall be maintained for each student in the institution. Marks shall be awarded as per the schemes given in the tables. IX. Examinations There shall be four examinations namely, First year, Second year, Third year, and Final year B. Pharm. examination. The details regarding the duration of papers, maximum marks for each paper including the sessional marks allotted to each subject are given in the tables. X. Criteria for a) Candidates who have secured a minimum of 50% marks in the Theory (including sessionals) and Practical (including sessionals) separately in any subject or subjects shall be declared to have ed in that subject/s and exempted from appearing in that subject/s at subsequent examination. b) Theory and Practical of a particular subject are considered as individual subjects for the purpose of criteria. XI. Conditions under which candidates are permitted to proceed to next higher class: a) Out of nine subjects to be studied at I. B. Pharm course, there shall be an examination conducted by the college in respect of the following subjects. 1. Mathematics theory. 2. Biology theory and practical. 3. Computer Science & Statistics theory and practical for the candidates itted

on PUC/12th Standard/ Equivalent qualifications and for the candidates itted to II. B. Pharm., itted on the basis of D. Pharm. 4. Indian Constitution theory 5. Kannada for the students of other than Karnataka state

b) The candidates are required to score a minimum of 50% marks of the total marks prescribed for in all the above subjects both in theory and practical separately including their sessional marks for a . c) Candidates of I B. Pharm. are permitted to carryover all the failed subjects to II B. Pharm. and appear for II B. Pharm. examination concurrently along with failed subjects of I B. Pharm. However, these candidates have to all the failed subjects of I B. Pharm. to become eligible to proceed to III B. Pharm. d) Similarly, candidates of II B. Pharm. who have completely ed all the subjects of I B. Pharm. but have failed in II B. Pharm. are permitted to carryover all the failed subjects of II B. Pharm. to III B. Pharm. and appear for III B. Pharm. concurrently along with failed subjects of II B. Pharm. However, these candidates have to all the failed subjects of II B. Pharm. to become eligible to proceed to IV B. Pharm. e) Candidates of III B. Pharm. who have completely ed all the subjects of II B. Pharm. but have failed in III B. Pharm. are permitted to carryover all the failed subjects of III. B. Pharm. and appear for IV B. Pharm. examination concurrently along with failed subjects of III B. Pharm. f) The final B. Pharm. candidates can appear for all the subjects of IV B. Pharm. along with the failed subjects of III B. Pharm. However, they have to all the subjects of III B. Pharm. before the announcement of IV B. Pharm. results. g) However in case of In-service candidates (those who are ed Pharmacists and have put in minimum of 5 years working experience in either Government or Private sector), they are permitted to take ission into final year B. Pharm even if he/she is having a carryover of II year and III year B. Pharm. subjects but he/she cannot appear for final B. Pharm. examination till he/she es all the subjects of II year B. Pharm. h) A candidate who has ed in all the subjects of IV B. Pharm. will be eligible for the award of B. Pharm. degree, provided he/she has ed in all the III B. Pharm. subjects also in the case of carryover and he/she has satisfactorily completed the practical training as mentioned under clause XIV. XII. Improvement of sessional marks Candidates who wish to improve the sessional marks only in theory subjects can do so by appearing in the special resessional examinations conducted by the college. A minimum of two and maximum of three sessional examinations shall be conducted by the college out of which the average marks of the best two of the three special resessional examination shall be forwarded to the university at least 15 days prior to the commencement of the next university examination. In case the marks scored by the students in the resessional examination are less than regular sessional examination, the Head of the Institution shall forward the marks whichever is higher (Resessional/Regular Sessional). The resessional/regular sessional marks shall be sent to the University at least 15 days prior to the next university examination.

XIII. Declaration of Class Class shall be awarded at the end of I, II, III, and final year of B. Pharm. examination as shown below: 1) Distinction 75% and above 2) First Class 60% and above and less than 75% 3) Second Class 50% and above and less than 60% class shall be awarded to such of the candidates who would have ed the examination in more than one attempt. However, this shall not be applicable to candidates who are exempted in Introductory Biology and Introductory Mathematics by the RGUHS Karnataka, Bangalore. Note: The carryover facility; full carryover till final year but has to all subjects before taking final year Notification syn/ORD-B.Pharma/739/2004-05 dated 04-03-2005. This is applicable for OS/RS/RS2 batch of i.e. itted up to 2003-04. XIV. Every candidate shall undergo practical training in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing House/ Approved Hospital/ CSIR research labs for a period of not less than one hundred and fifty hours to be covered in not less than 45 days after completing III B. Pharm. or IV B. Pharm. course. Candidate should submit two copies of the training report duly certified by the authorities of the training center in which he/she has undergone training duly accepted and certified by the Head of the Institution. XV. Industrial Tour Candidates studying in final year of the course shall visit several pharmaceutical manufacturing houses as a supplement to their academic training and submit a report to the satisfaction of the Head of the institution where he/she has studied. XVI. Duration of the course: Maximum duration to complete the course shall be EIGHT years from the year of ission. XVII. Tutorials to be fixed at one hour per batch per subject. XVIII. Award of Ranks Ranks and Medals shall be awarded on the basis of aggregate of all the four university examinations of Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore. However, candidates who fail in one or more subjects during the B. Pharm. courses shall not be eligible for award of ranks. Moreover, the candidates should have completed the B. Pharm. course in minimum prescribed number of years, for the award of ranks.

XIX. Award of Degree Candidates who fulfill the requirements mentioned in XI(h) and XIII will be eligible for award of degree during the ensuing convocation. XX. Migration & Transfer: For Guidelines see PCI letter 12:07:84 PCI 662-2/87 dated: 12:06:2001/ applicable from 12:06:2001 onwards only. Both colleges should be recognized by PCI. Total intake including transfer should not exceed 5% of sanctioned intake.

Courses of Study for B. Pharm (See Clause VI) Table I: First Year B. Pharm

Sl.No.

Subject

Theory Hours/ Week

Practical Hours/ Week

Tutorials per batch of 20 students Hours/ Week

1.1

Human Anatomy & Physiology

03

03

01

1.2

Pharmaceutics

02

03

01

1.3

Pharmacognosy

02

03

01

1.4

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I

03

03

01

1.5

Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry

03

03

01

1.6

*Mathematics or *Biology

03/02

00/02

Nil

1.7

*Computer Science and Statistics

03

02

Nil

1.8

*Kannada

02

00

Nil

1.9

*Indian Constitution

02

00

Nil

*College Exams only

Table II: Second Year B. Pharm

Sl.No.

Subject

Theory Hours/ Week

Practical Hours/ Week

Tutorials per batch of 20 students Hours/ Week

2.1

Physical Pharmaceutics

03

03

01

2.2

Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology

02

03

01

2.3

Pathophysiology

02

03

01

2.4

Applied Biochemistry

03

03

01

2.5

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – II

03

03

01

2.6

Environmental Science

02

00

00

Note: Maths/Biology and Computer Science for D. Pharm students (ER91) for PCB/PCM candidates only. Kannada and Indian Constitution for D. Pharm students. Table III: Third Year B. Pharm

Sl.No.

Subject

Theory Hours/ Week

Practical Hours/ Week

Tutorials per batch of 20 students Hours/ Week

3.1

Medicinal Chemistry – I

03

03

01

3.2

Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence

02

03

01

3.3

Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry

02

03

01

3.4

Pharmaceutical Engineering

03

03

01

3.5

Pharmacology

03

03

01

3.6

Pharmaceutical Marketing

02

00

01

Table IV: Fourth Year B. Pharm

Sl.No.

Subject

Theory Hours/ Week

Practical Hours/ Week

Tutorials per batch of 20 students Hours/ Week

4.1

Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics

03

03

01

4.2

Instrumental & Biomedical Analysis

03

03

01

4.3

Pharmacology & Toxicology

03

03

01

4.4

Medicinal Chemistry – II

03

03

01

4.5

Industrial Pharmacognosy

03

03

01

4.6

Advanced Industrial Pharmacy

02

00

01

Scheme of Study and Examination for B. Pharm. Course Table V: Scheme of Study and Examination for First Year B. Pharm Course Subject No. of Papers

Duration of examinatio n (Hrs)

THEORY Sessional Maximu m Marks

1.1 Human Anatomy & Physiology

1

03

1.2 Pharmaceutics

1

1.3 Pharmacognosy

PRACTICALS Sessional Max. Maximu Marks m Marks for practical papers

Max. Marks for written papers

Total Marks

Duration of examination (Hrs)

Total Marks

Grand Total

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

1

03

30

70

100

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

1.7 Computer Science & Statistics*

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

1.8 Kannada*

1

03

30

70

100

No Practicals

1.9 Indian Constitution*

1

03

30

70

100

No Practicals

1.4 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – I 1.5 Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry 1.6 Mathematics* Or Biology*

No Practicals

Total: Theory 500; Practicals 500; Grand Total 1000 (*for the subjects 1.6 to 1.9, examination is conducted by the college)

Table VI: Scheme of Study and Examination for Second Year B. Pharm Course Subject No. of Papers

Duration of examinatio n (Hrs)

THEORY Sessional Maximu m Marks

2.1 Physical Pharmaceutics

1

03

2.2 Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology

1

2.3 Pathophysiology

PRACTICALS Sessional Max. Maximu Marks m Marks for practical papers

Max. Marks for written papers

Total Marks

Duration of examination (Hrs)

Total Marks

Grand Total

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

1

03

30

70

100

2.4 Applied Biochemistry

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

2.5 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-II

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

*2.6 Environmental Science

1

03

30

70

100

No Practicals

100

No Practicals

Total: Theory 500; Practicals 400; Grand Total 900 (*for the subject 2.6, examination is conducted by the college)

Table VII: Scheme of Study and Examination for Third Year B. Pharm Course Subject No. of Papers

Duration of examinatio n (Hrs)

THEORY Sessional Maximu m Marks

3.1 Medicinal Chemistry – I

1

03

3.2 Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence & Ethics

1

3.3 Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry

PRACTICALS Sessional Max. Maximu Marks m Marks for practical papers

Max. Marks for written papers

Total Marks

Duration of examination (Hrs)

30

70

100

04

03

30

70

100

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

3.4 Pharmaceutical Engineering

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

3.5 Pharmacology

1

03

30

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

3.6 Pharmaceutical Marketing

1

03

30

70

100

Total: Theory 600; Practicals 400; Grand Total 1000

30

70

Total Marks

Grand Total

100

200

No Practicals

No Practicals

100

100

Table VIII: Scheme of Study and Examination for Fourth Year B. Pharm Course Subject No. of Papers

Duration of examinatio n (Hrs)

THEORY Sessional Maximu m Marks

4.1 Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics

1

03

4.2 Instrumental & Biomedical Analysis

1

4.3 Pharmacology & Toxicology

PRACTICALS Sessional Max. Maximu Marks m Marks for practical papers

Max. Marks for written papers

Total Marks

Duration of examination (Hrs)

30

70

100

04

30

03

30

70

100

04

1

03

30

70

100

4.4 Medicinal Chemistry-II

1

03

30

70

4.5 Industrial Pharmacognosy

1

03

30

4.6 Advanced Industrial Pharmacy

1

03

30

Total: Theory 600; Practicals 500; Grand Total 1100

Total Marks

Grand Total

70

100

200

30

70

100

200

04

30

70

100

200

100

04

30

70

100

200

70

100

04

30

70

100

200

70

100

No Practicals

100

I B. PHARM SYLLABUS 1.1 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (THEORY) 75 Hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Scope of Anatomy & Physiology. Basic Terminologies Used: Directional Terminologies, Plains & Sections and Body Cavities. 1 hour; 2 marks 2. Structure of the Cell: Structure & Function of Plasma Membrane, Cell Cycle and Transport of Substances across Cell Membrane. 1 hour; 2-5 marks 3. Tissues: Definition, Classification of Tissues, Location, Characteristics and Function of Epithelial, Connective, Muscular & Nervous Tissues. Definitions of Malignant & Benign Tumors 2 hours; 5-7 marks 4. Osseous System: Structure & Composition of Bone. Functions of Skeleton. Classification of ts. Definition of Disorders: Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Rickets & Gout 2 hours; 5-7 marks 5. Haemopoietic System : Composition & Functions of Blood. Haemopoiesis. Blood Grouping. Mechanisms of Blood Clotting. Definitions of Disorders: Anaemias, Polycythaemia, Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Leukaemia, Thrombocytopenia & Haemophilia. 6 hours; 8-10 marks 6. Lymphatic System : Composition, Formation, Circulation & Functions of Lymph. Structure & Functions of Lymph Node, Spleen and Thymus Gland. Definitions of Disorders: Lymphoedema, Elephantiasis & Splenomegaly. 3 hours; 2-5 marks 7. Cardiovascular System: Anatomy of Heart. Structure of Blood Vessels. Circulation: Pulmonary, Systemic (Coronary & Portal). Conduction System of the Heart, Cardiac Cycle & ECG. Blood Pressure: Mechanism of regulation, Factors determining Blood Pressure. Definitions of Disorders: Congestive Heart Failure, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, Atherosclerosis, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Hypertension & Hypotension. 9 hours: 8-10 marks 8. Respiratory System: Anatomy & Functions of Respiratory Organs. Mechanisms of regulation of Respiration. Transport of Respiratory Gases. Definitions of Lung Volume & Capacities, Hypoxia and Resuscitation. Definitions of Disorders: Asthma, COPD, Tuberculosis & Pneumonia 5 hours: 4-6 marks 9. Digestive System :Anatomy & Functions of Salivary Gland, Stomach, Intestine, Liver, Gall Bladder and Pancreas. Digestion & Absorption. Definitions of Disorders: Peptic Ulcer, Constipation, Diarrhea, Emesis, Liver Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, Anorexia & GERD. 6 hours: 4-6 marks 10. Nervous Systems: Classification of Nervous System. Meninges & Cerebrospinal Fluid. Functional Areas of Brain: Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Pons & Medulla, Thalamus &

Hypothalamus and Basal Ganglia. Spinal Cord: Structure & Reflexes. Cranial Nerves & their Functions. Autonomic Nervous System: Anatomy & Functions of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System. Somatic Nervous System. Definitions of Disorders: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s Disease, Depression, Insomnia, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Migraine & Alzheimer’s Disease. 12 hours; 8-10 marks 11. Urinary System: Parts of Urinary System: Structure & Functions of Kidney and Structure of Nephron. Mechanism of Urine Formation & Acid-Base Balance. Micturition Reflex & Renal Function Test. Definitions of Disorders: Renal Calculi, Cystitis, Glomerulonephritis Renal Fibrosis & Urinary Incontinence. 5 hours; 5-7 marks 12. Endocrine System: Structure, Secretions & Functions of Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland, Thyroid & Parathyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Pancreatic Islets. Definitions of Disorders: Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s Syndrome, Addison’s Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Pheochromocytoma, Gigantism, Acromegaly, Diabetes insipidus & Dwarfism. 4 marks; 5-7 marks 13. Reproductive System: Structure, Functions & Hormones of Male & Female Reproductive System. Physiology of Menstruation, Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis. Pregnancy & its maintenance and Parturition. Definitions of Disorders: Infertility, Polycystic Ovarian Disease, Erectile Dysfunction & AIDS. 5 marks; 5-7 marks 14. Sense Organs: Structure and Functioning of Eye, Ear, Skin, Taste & Smell. Definitions of Disorders: Glaucoma, Cataract, Conjunctivitis, Psoriasis & Tinnitus. 6 hours; 5-8 marks 15. Skeletal Muscles: Physiology of Muscle Contraction. Neuro-muscular Junction. Properties of Skeletal Muscles. Muscles in Exercise. Definitions of Disorders: Muscular Dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravis. 3 hours; 2-4 marks

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (PRACTICALS) 75 Hours ; 3 hours/week 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Determination of Hemoglobin content of Blood** Determination of R.B.C. count of Blood** Determination of W.B.C. count of Blood** Determination of Differential W.B.C count of Blood** Determination of Blood Groups* Determination of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)* Recording of Human Body Temperature* Recording of Human Heart Rate & Pulse Rate* Determination of Blood Pressure & To study the effect of Posture & Exercise on Blood Pressure* 10. Determination of Bleeding time & Clotting time* 11. Determination of Vital Capacity* 12. Understanding of ECG: PQRST Waves & its Significance* 13. Study of various Models & Specimens of Vital organs & Systems* 14. Study of Skeleton & Bones* 15. Study of Histology slides of different tissues/organs* 16. Study of different Family Planning Appliances* 17. Understanding of Pregnancy Diagnosis Tests* Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Identification Synopsis Major Experiment Minor Experiment Viva Total

10 Marks 10 Marks 25 Marks 15 Marks 10 Marks ______________ -

70 Marks

______________

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEXT BOOKS 1.

Anne W, Allison G. Ross and Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness. 11th ed. Edinburgh:Churchill Livingstone;2010.

2.

Chatterjee CC. Human physiology (Vol. I & II). 11th ed. Calcutta:Medical Allied Agency;1985.

3.

Sujit KC. Concise medical physiology. 6th ed. Calcutta:New Central Book Agency; 2008.

4.

Thakaore B, Gandhi P, Harit RD. Elements of human anatomy physiology and heath education. 4th ed. Ahmedabad:B.S. Shah Publishers;1991.

5.

Goyal RK, Patel NM. Practical anatomy physiology and ed. Ahmedabad:B.S. Shah Prakashan;2008.

biochemistry. 11 th

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Gerard JT, Bryan HD. Principles of anatomy and physiology. 13th ed. New York: John-Willey & Sons;2012. 2. Douglas EK, Richard LW, Allen CE. Bailey’s text book of microscopic anatomy. 18th ed. London:Williams & Wilkins Publishers;1984. 3. Inderbir S. Text book of human histology with colour atlas. 6 th ed. New Delhi:Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers;2011. LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENT REQUIRED (For a batch of 20 students) 1. Compound Microscopes with oil immersion lens 20 nos 2. Haemocytometers 20 nos 3. Sahli’s Haemometers 20 nos 4. Glass Slides 80 nos 5. Westergren’s ESR apparatus 05 nos 6. Clinical Thermometers 05 nos 7. Sphygmomanometers 05 nos 8. Stethoscopes 05 nos 9. Hutchinson’s Spirometer 01 no 10. Permanent slides for various tissues & organs (One pair for each tissue /organ) 11. Specimens for various organs (One specimen for each organ) 12. Models for various organs & systems (One model for each organ system) 13. Skeleton & Bones (One set of skeleton and one spare set of bones) 14. Family planning appliances (One set)

1.2 PHARMACEUTICS (THEORY) 50 hours ; 2 hours/week 1. Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy. Development of Indian pharmacopoeia and introduction to other pharmacopoeias such as B.P, U.S.P, European pharmacopoeia, Extra pharmacopoeia and Indian National Formulary. 4 hours; 6-8 marks 2. Weights and measures: Different types of weights and measures, modern methods of weighing, errors in weighing. Calculations involving percentage of solutions, allegation method, proof sprit, isotonic solutions. 4 hours; 6-8 marks a) Prescription: Definition, parts of prescription, handling and sources of errors. b) Posology: Definition, factors affecting dose selection, calculation of child and infant doses. c) Incompatibility: Introduction to physical and chemical incompatibility. Discussion of therapeutic incompatibility with examples. 5 hours; 8-10 marks 3. Introduction to dosage forms: Classification and definitions. Theoretical aspects including commonly used vehicles, essential adjuvants like stabilizers, colorants and flavourants with relevance to monophasic liquid dosage forms. 6 hours; 10-12 marks 4. Biphasic liquid dosage forms: 1. Suspensions: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages. Study of diffusible and in-diffusible solids, flocculated and deflocculated suspension. Settling in suspension, discussion on wetting, controlled flocculation and flocculation in structured vehicles. 2. Emulsions: Definition, classification and identification of types of emulsion, mechanism of action of emulsifying agents, theories of emulsification. Formulation of emulsion; stability of emulsions. 8 hours; 13-15 marks 5. Powders and granules: Classification, advantages and disadvantages and methods of mixing of powders. Preparation of simple powders, compound powders, insufflations, dusting powders, Eutectic powders. Study of effervescent granules.4hours;6-8 marks 6. Semi solid dosage forms: Definition, types, semi-solid bases, their selection. Formulation of semi solids such as ointments, creams, pastes, gels, suppositories, packaging, and their evaluation. 8 hours; 13-15 marks 7. Galenicals: Definition of infusion, decoction and expression. Detailed study of maceration and percolation and Soxhlet extraction. 4 hours; 6-8 marks 8. Surgical Aids: Study of surgical dressings namely bandages, absorbent cotton and POP. Definition and types of surgical sutures and ligatures. Manufacturing, standardization and sterilization of surgical catgut. 4 hours; 6-8 marks 9. Radiopharmaceuticals: Uses in diagnosis and treatment, methods of preparations, handling and safety precautions. 3 hours; 5-7 marks

PHARMACEUTICS (PRACTICALS) 75 Hours ; 3 hours/week

1. Syrups: a) Simple syrup IP * b) Syrup of ephedrine hydrochloride NF* 2. Elixirs: a) Piperazine citrate elixir BP* b) Paracetamol paediatric elixir BPC* 3. Linctuses: a) Simple linctus BPC* b) Paediatric compound tolu linctus* 4. Solutions: a) Solution of cresol with soap IP** b) Aqueous iodine solution IP* c) Strong ammonium acetate solution IP** 5. Galenicals: a) Tincture of benzoin* b) Spirit of camphor USP* 6. Gargle: a) Potassium chlorate gargle* 7. Mouth wash: a) Antiseptic mouth wash* 8. Enema: a) Glycerin enema* 9. Liniments: a) Liniment of turpentine IP** b) Liniment of camphor BPC** 10. Lotions: a) Calamine lotion IP** b) Benzyl benzoate lotion USP* 11. Suspensions: a) Magnesium hydroxide mixture BP** b) Preparation of deflocculated and flocculated suspensions and their evaluation** 12. Emulsions: a) Cod liver oil emulsion** b) Liquid paraffin emulsion. Preparation and evaluation** 13. Powders: a) Eutectic powder* b) Dusting powder* c) Effervescent granules** 14. Semi solids: a) Simple ointment* b) Zinc and Salicylic acid paste* c) Diclofenac gel** d) Boric acid suppository** e) Lactic acid pessaries** Note: ** Denotes major experiments * Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis 2. Major experiment (indicated by **) 3. Minor experiment (indicated by *) 4. Viva voce Total

-10 Marks -30 Marks -20 Marks -10 Marks =70 Marks

PHARMACEUTICS REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Aulton ME. Pharmaceutics, The science of dosage form design. 2nd ed. Edinburgh:Churchill Livingstone;2002. 2. Bharat S. Pharmaceutics. New Delhi:Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt Ltd;2013. 3. British Pharmacopoeia (BP), United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), Extra Pharmacopoeia, Merck Index, and British Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC). 4. Carter SJ. Cooper and Gunn's Dispensing for pharmaceutical students. 12 th ed. New Delhi:CBS Publishers;2000. 5. Carter SJ. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy. 6th ed. New Delhi:CBS Publishers;2000. 6. Gennaro AL. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy, Vol I and II. 20 th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkns;2000. 7. Indian Pharmacopoeia. Delhi:The Controller of Publications;1966, 1977, 1985, 1996, 2007, 2014. 8. Loyd VA, Nicholas GP, Howard CA. Ansel’s pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. 8th ed. Noida: BI Publications Pvt Ltd;2005. 9. Mehta RM. Dispensing Pharmacy. Delhi:Vallabh Prakashan;2013. 10. Mehta RM. Pharmaceutics I. Delhi:Vallabh Prakashan;2014. 11. Mitchell JS, Howard CA. Pharmaceutical calculations. 10 th ed. New Delhi:BI Waverley Pvt Ltd;1996. 12. Rawlins EA. Bentley’s textbook of pharmaceutics. 8 th ed. New Delhi:Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd;2010. 13. Subrahmanyam CVS. Textbook of physical pharmaceutics. 2 nd ed. Delhi:Vallabh Prakashan;2003. LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Electronic balances Homogeniser Mechanical stirrers Oven pH meter Suppository moulds

02 nos. 02 nos. 10 nos. 01 no. 01 no. 20 nos.

1.3 PHARMACOGNOSY (THEORY) 50 hours; 2 hours/week 1. Definition, History and Scope of Pharmacognosy.

2 hours; 2-5 marks

2. Plant Taxonomy: Study of the following families with special reference to medicinally important plants - Apocynacae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Liliaceae. 3 hours; 2-5 marks 3. Classification of Crude drugs: Alphabetical, Morphological, Chemical, Pharmacological and Taxonomical methods. General aspects of Chemotaxonomy 5 hours; 5-10 marks 4. Medicinal Plants Cultivation: a) Cultivation, collection, Processing and storage of crude drugs: Factors influencing the cultivation of medicinal plants. b) Detailed method of cultivation for the following drugs: i) Senna ii) Isapgol iii) Opium, iv) Cinchona v) Clove c) Conservation of medicinal plants. 8 hours; 7-17 marks 5. Study of Natural Pesticides: Pyrethrum, Neem and Tobacco.

2 hours; 2-5 marks

6. Study of different types of adulteration in crude drugs with examples. 2 hours; 2-5 marks 7. Brief study of various plant constituents and ergastic cell inclusions.

2 hours; 2-5 marks

8. Study of morphology and microscopy of different plant parts with the specific examples given below: i. Leaf: Datura, ii. Bark: Cinnamon (Cassia), iii. Rhizome: Ginger, iv. Stem: Ephedra, v. Root: Rauwolfia, , i. Wood: Quassia, vii. Flower: Clove viii. Fruit: Fennel, ix Seed: Nux-Vomica. 10 hours; 10-17 marks 9. Carbohydrates: Biological source, method of production, chemical constituents, identification tests and uses of the following carbohydrates and related products i) Isapgol, ii) Guar gum, iii) Honey, iv) Acacia, v) Agar, vi) Tragacanth, vii) Pectin, viii) Sterculia gum. 5 hours; 5-10 marks 10. Lipids: Biological source, method of production, chemical constituents, identification tests and uses of the following oils and fats i) Castor oil, ii) Cod liver oil, iii) Chaulmoogra oil, iv) wool fat, v) Bees wax vi) Kokum butter, vii) Olive oil , viii) Linseed oil 5 hours; 5-10 marks 11. Resins: a) Natural occurrence, properties, classification and method of production of Resins b) Sources, diagnostic characters, active constituents and uses of: (i) Podophyllum (ii) Ginger (iii) Benzoin (iv) Asafoetida (v) Myrrh 4 hours; 5-8 marks 12. Study of plant and animal fibers: Cotton, Wool, Jute, Silk, Hemp 2 hours; 2-5 marks

PHARMACOGNOSY (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. General morphological study of different parts of the plants* a) Leaf: Datura b) Bark: Cinnamon (Cassia), c) Rhizome: Ginger, d) Stem: Ephedra e) Root: Rauwolfia, f) Wood: Quassia g) Flower: Clove h) Fruit: Fennel, i) Seed: Nux Vomica 2. Transverse section of the drugs mentioned in 1** 3. Chemical tests for the identification of following drugs and their adulterants a) Acacia b) Agar c) Tragacanth d) Honey 4. Chemical tests for the identification of following oils and fats and their adulterants a) Castor oil b) Cod Liver oil c) Wool fat d) Bee’s wax 5. Chemical tests for the identification of following resins and their adulterants a) Asafoetida b) Benzoin c) Myrrh Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis 10 marks 2. Major Experiment T S** 25 marks 3. Minor Experiment* Morphology 10 marks 4. Minor experiment* Chemical Test 15 marks 5. Viva-Voce 10 marks Total

70 marks

PHARMACOGNOSY REFERENCE BOOKS Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15th ed. Philadelphia:Elsevier Science Ltd;2002. 2. Kokate CK, Purohit AR, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. 45th ed. Pune:Nirali Prakashan;2010. 3. Shah BS, Qadry JS. Pharmacognosy. 12th ed. Ahmedabad:BS Shah Prakashan;2005. 4. Wallis TE. Textbook of pharmacognosy. 5th ed. London:JA Churchill Limited;1985. 5. Biren SN, Seth AK. Textbook of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. 1 st ed. New Delhi: A Division of Read Elsevier India Private Ltd;2010. 6. Yoganarsimhan SN. Cultivation of medicinal & aromatic crops. 1 st ed. Bangalore:Interline Publishing Private Ltd;2000. 7. The Wealth of India. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products (All Volumes). New Delhi:NISCAIR, CSIR; 2000. 8. Kokate CK. Practical Pharmacognosy. 4th ed. New Delhi:Vallabh Prakashan;1994. 9. Khandelwal KR. Practical pharmacognosy techniques and experiments. 16th ed. Pune;Nirali Prakashan;2006. 10. Iyengar MA, Nayak SGK. Anatomy of crude drugs. 8 th ed. Manipal:Manipal Power Press; 2001. 1.

LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Microscope with Stage 2. Balance 3. Reflux flask with condenser 4. Heating mantle 5. Water bath

20 5 5 5 10

1.4 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - I (THEORY) 75 Hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Nomenclature of aliphatic and aromatic organic compounds belonging to the following classes: alkanes, alkenes, dienes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amides, amines, phenols, alkyl halides, carboxylic acids, esters, acid chlorides and cycloalkanes. 8 hours; 7-8 marks 2. Structure and physical properties: a) Polarity and Dipolemoment, Hydrogen bonding and its applications, Inductive effect Mesomeric effect, Protic and aprotic solvents. b) An introduction to Isomerism- Definition, Classification of structural and stereo isomerism 2 hours; 1-2 marks 3. a) Definition, formation, classification, and stability of free radicals. b) Free radical chain reactions of alkanes-mechanism, relative reactivity and stability. 4 hours; 3-4 marks 4. a) Alicyclic compounds: Preparation of cycloalkanes, Bayer's strain theory, theory of Strainless ring, molecular orbital concept. b) Concept of aromaticity (Huckel's rule). Definition, classification, Methods of synthesis (Haworth’s and Diel’s Alder), Properties and Reaction of Poly nuclear hydrocarbons Such as Naphthalene, Anthracene and Phenanthrene. c) Attacking reagents- Electrophiles and Nucleorphiles Definition with examples. 5 hours; 4-5 marks 5. a) Definition ,formation, classification and stability of carbocations. b) Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution mechanism: nucleophiles, and leaving groups, kinetics of second and first order reaction. Mechanism and Stereochemistry of SN 2 reaction, Mechanism and Stereochemistry of SN1 reaction. Rearrangement of carbocation, SN2 versus SN1 reactions, Reactivity of alkyl halides in SN 2 and SN1, Factors affecting SN2 and SN1 reaction. 8 hours; 7-8 marks 6. Elimination reactions: Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides: 1, 2 elimination, kinetics, E2 and E1 mechanisms, E2 versus E1, elimination versus substitution. Dehydration of alcohols and its mechanism, orientation and reactivity in E 1 and E2 reactions, Saytzeff 's and Hoffman's elimination. 7 hours; 6-7 marks 7. Electrophilic addition: a) Reactions at carbon-carbon double bond, hydrogenation and its mechanism Markovnikov's rule, addition of hydrogen halides, Addition of hydrogen bromides-peroxide effect. Electrophilic addition mechanism. b) Definition, formation, classification and stability of carbenes, Mechanism of cycloaddition reactions with examples. Addition of carbenes to alkenes, Diel's Alder reaction. 5 hours; 4-5 marks 8. Theory of resonance: Allyl radical as a resonance hybrid, stability, and orbital picture. Resonance stabilization of Allyl cations: hyper conjugation, stability of conjugated dienes, mechanisms of 1,2 and 1,4-additions with examples 6 hours; 5-6 marks

9. Electrophilic aromatic substitution; Definition and classification of electrophiles, effect of substituent groups, determination of orientation, and of relative reactivity, classification of substituent groups, mechanism of nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and Friedel Craft's acylation, Reactivity and orientation, activating and deactivating (o, m, p, directing) groups, orientation and synthesis. Orientation in disubstituted benzenes, theory of reactivity and orientation, effects of halogens and Suzuki coupling reaction. 10 hours; 9-10 marks 10. a) Definition ,formation, classification and stability of carbonanions. b) Nucleophilic additions in aldehydes and ketones, mechanisms with examples. Reactions of Grignard reagent. Aldol and crossed Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Cannizaro and crossed Cannizaro reaction, Benzoin's, Perkins, Knoevenagels and Reformatsky reactions. 7 hours; 6-7 marks 11. Carboxylic acids - Ionization of carboxylic acids, acidity of constant, acidity of carboxylic acids, structure of carboxylate ion, effect of substituents on acidity of carboxylic acids, Conversion of carboxylic acids into acid chloride, ester, amide, anhydrides and Hatu coupling. 6 hours; 5-6 marks 12. Amines – a) Basicity of Amines, effect of substituents on basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines b) Definition, formation, classification, stability and reactivity of nitrenes. Hofmann’s, Beckmanns, Curtius, Smith, rearrangement with their mechanism c) Diazotisation and its mechanism, Sandmeyers and Gattermann reaction, coupling reaction of Diazonium salts with phenols and amines 5 hours; 4-5 marks 13. Phenols – Acidity of phenols, effect of substituent on acidity of phenols. Kolbe's reaction, Reimer - Tiemann reaction, Fries rearrangement and Willliamson's synthesis. 2 hours; 1-2 marks 30

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Introduction to the various laboratory techniques through demonstrations involving synthesis of the following compounds * a) Acetanilide / Aspirin (acetylation) b) Benzanilide / Phenyl benzoate (Benzoylation) c) p-Bromo acetanilide / 2.4, 6 Tribromo aniline. (Bromination) d) Dibenzylidene acetone (condensation) e) 1-Phenylazo-2-napthol (Diazotisation) f) Benzoic acid / Salicylic acid (hydrolysis of ester) g) m-Dinitro benzene (nitration) h) Oxidation of Toluene to benzoic acid i) Benzophenone oxime (oxime formation) j) Benzyl benzoate and Sodium benzoate from Benzaldehyde ( Cannizzaro’s reaction) 2. Identification of organic compounds belonging to the following classes by systematic qualitative organic analysis including physical constant and preparation of their dérivatives**. 1. Phenols, 2. Amides, 3. Carbohydrates, 4. Amines, 5. Carboxylic acids, 6. Aldehydes and ketones, 7. Alcohols, 8. Esters, 9. Hydrocarbons, 10. Anilides, 11. Nitro compounds. 3. Introduction to the use of stereo models 1. Methane, 2. Ethane, 3. Ethylene, 4. Acetylene, 5. cis-Alkene, 6. trans-Alkene, 7. Inversion of configuration 4. Determination of melting point and boiling point for some important pharmaceutical Organic compounds. Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis 2. Major Experiment (Experiments indicated by **) (Systematic Qualitative Analysis) 3. Minor Experiment –I (Experiments indicated by)* (Preparation of Simple Organic Compound) 4. Practical viva voce -

10 Marks 35 Marks

Total

70 Marks

-

15 Marks 10 Marks

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I TEXT BOOKS (THEORY) 1. Morrison TR, Boyd R. Text of organic chemistry. 6th ed. New Delhi;Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. 2. Finar IL. Organic chemistry, the fundamentals of chemistry, vol 1. 6 th ed. Longman Publishers. 3. Bhal A, Bhal BS. A textbook of organic chemistry. Revised ed. S.Chand & Company Pvt Ltd. 4. Atherden LM. Bentley and Driver's textbook of pharmaceutical chemistry. 8th ed. PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I REFERENCE BOOKS (THEORY) Graham STW. Fundamentals of organic chemistry. 5th ed. USA:John Wiley & Sons Inc. Catm JM, Carm DJ. Organic chemistry. 13th ed. Saunders College of Publishing. Brown, Organic chemistry. Indian Pharmacopoeia. All editions. Delhi: The Controller of Publications, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India. 5. Jerry, March. Advanced organic chemistry. 4th ed. New Delhi;Wiley Eastern Limited. 6. Cram, Hammer. Pine Hendrickson organic chemistry. 7. Alinger, Cava, Dejongh. Organic chemistry. 8. Neckers, Doyle. Organic chemistry. 9. Agronnonov et. al., Problems and exercises in organic chemistry. 10. Man & Sounders. Practical organic chemistry. 11. Ahluwalia. Practical organic chemistry. 12. Pandey OP. Practical oraganic chemistry. S.Chand Publications. 1. 2. 3. 4.

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I REFERENCE BOOKS (Practicals) 1. Vogel AI. Elementary practical organic chemistry. London;ELBS and Longman Group Ltd. 2. Mann, Sounders. Practical organic chemistry. ELBS and Longman Group Ltd. 3. Pavia DL, Lampman G, Kriz GD. Introduction to organic laboratory techniques. 4. Indian Pharmacopoeia. All editions. Delhi: The Controller of Publications, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India. 5. Vogel. Textbook of practical organic chemistry. 4th ed. London;ELBS Longman. LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Melting Point Apparatus 2. Triple beam balances 3. Physical balances 4. Suction Pumps 5. Water Baths 6. Hot Plates 7. Oven 8. Refrigerator 9. Distillation Unit 33

10 nos 10 nos 05 nos 01 no 10 nos 01 no 01 no 01 no 01 no

1.5 PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Sources and effects of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances, importance of limit test, general principles and procedures for limit tests for chloride, sulphate, iron, arsenic, lead and heavy metals. Modified procedures for limit tests for chlorides and sulfates in Potassium permanganate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium salicylate. 10 hours;12-13 marks 2. General methods of preparation, assays (marked by *), storage condition and medicinal uses of inorganic compounds belonging to the following classes. 2.1 Medicinal Gases: Oxygen, Nitrous oxide, Carbon dioxide

2 hours; 2-3 marks

2.2 Gastrointestinal agents Acidifiers: diute HCl, ammonium chloride Antacids: Classification of antacids, Ideal properties of antacids, combination therapy, Aluminium hydroxide gel*, Calcium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate* Magnesium trisilicate, Magnesium carbonate (light and heavy), Magnesium hydroxide mixture* Protective and adsorbents: Kaolin and Talc, Laxatives, Purgatives and Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate and Sodium sulphate. 10 hours; 12-13 marks 2.3 Topical agents and Dermatological preparations: Protective: Talc, Zinc oxide*, Zinc stearate, Antimicrobials: Potassium Permanganate*, Chlorinated lime*, Iodine preparations, Boric acid*, Borax Hydrogen peroxide* 6 hours; 7-8 marks 2.4 Dental products: Dentifrices, anticaries agents, desensitizing agents, calcium carbonate, sodium fluoride, Stannous fluoride, Zinc chloride, Zinc eugenol cement. 3 hours;4-5 marks 2.5 Miscellaneous agents: Expectorants: Ammonium chloride* (Formal method), Potassium iodide. Haematinics: Ferrous sulfate*, Ferrous gluconate, Ferrous Fumarate, Iron dextran injection, Iron and Ammonium citrate. Emetics: Copper sulphate* Antidotes: Definition, classification and mode of action-Sodium thiosulphate, Charcoal, (activated) Pharmaceutical Aids: Definition and classification Bentonite, Barium sulphate, Magnesium stearate, Phenylmercuric acetate, Sodium benzoate Antioxidants: definition, sodium metabisulphite. 6 hours; 7-8 marks 2.6 Major intra and extra cellular electrolytes, major physiological ions and electrolytes used for replacement therapy, physiological acid base balance, electrolyte combination therapy, ORS, Sodium chloride injection*, Dextrose and Sodium chloride injection, Calcium gluconate injection* 6 hours; 7-8 marks 3. Sources and types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy, precision 5 hours; 6-7 marks 4. Fundamentals of volumetric analysis

4.1 Definition of titration, titrant, titrand, equivalence point, end point, indicators, Equivalent weight, primary standard substances and their properties. Various methods of expressing concentration of primary and secondary standard substance 4 hours; 5-6 marks 4.2 Neutralisation titrations: Examples of neutralization titrations, indicators choice of indicators, theory of indicators, neutralization curves, method of preparation, Standardization and Storage of oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid 4.3 Theory of non aqueous titrations, classification of solvents used in non aqueous titrations, their leveling and differentiating effects. Estimation of Sodium Benzoate by non aqueous titrations 4 hours; 5-6 marks 4.4 Redox titrations: Principle of redox titrations, Concepts of oxidation and reduction. Redox reactions, strength and equivalent weights of oxidizing and reducing agents, Preparation, standardization and storage of various volumetric solutions such as sodium thiosulfate, potassium permanganate and Iodine solution, theory of iodometry, iodimetry, bromometry, titrations with potassium iodate, potassium bromate, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenols . 9 hours; 11-12 marks 4.5 Principles of precipitation titrations, different methods-Mohr's, Modified Mohr's, Volhard's, Modified Volhard's, Fajan’s with example. Estimation of sodium chloride. 5 hours; 6-7 marks 4.6 35

Complexometric titrations: Ligands and their classification, principles of complexometric titrations, indicators, different types of complexometric titrations, estimation of calcium gluconate. 5 hours; 6-7 marks

PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week (Following experiments to be covered in 25 practical classes) 1. Limit tests (7 exercises) 1. Limit test for chlorides* 2. Limit test for sulphate* 3. Limit test for Iron* 4. Limit test for heavy metals* 5. Limit test for Arsenic 6. Modifications in limit tests* for chloride and sulphates in potassium permanganate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium benzoate 2. Assay of the following compounds including standardisation** 1. Ammonium chloride-acid base titration (Formal titration) 2. Ferrous sulphate- (redox) Cerimetry 3. Copper sulphate- (redox) Iodometry 4. Calcium gluconate-complexometry 5. Hydrogen peroxide- (redox) Permanganometry 6. Sodium benzoate-nonaqueous titration 7. Sodium chloride-Modified Volhard's method 8. Assay of KI-KIO3 titration 9. Assay of Zinc oxide (acid base) back titration 3. Test for identity for the following (3 exercises) 1. Sodium bicarbonate 2. Ferrous sulphate 3. Potassium chloride 4. Calcium chloride 4. Test for purity for the following (2 exercises)* 1. Swelling power of Bentonite 2. Ammonium salts in Potash alum. 3. Presence of Iodates in Potassium iodide 5. Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals (2 exercises)* 1. Boric acid 2. Potash alum 3. Magnesium hydroxide. 4. Magnesium sulphate Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments 36

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION: Practical and Viva Voce 1. Synopsis 2. Major Experiment 3. Minor Experiments a) Limit Test b) Test for Purity or Preparation 4. Practical viva voce Total

10 Marks 25 Marks 13 Marks 12 Marks 10 Marks 70 Marks

PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY TEXT BOOKS 1. Schroff ML. Inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry. Bombay;Five star publications. 2. Atherden LM. Bentely and Driver's textbook of pharmaceutical chemistry. 3. Block JH, Roche EB, Soine TO, Wilson CO. Inorganic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. 4. Beckett AH, Stenlake JB. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry Vol I & II. 4 th ed. London;Stahlone Press of University of London. 5. Pandey OP, Bajpai DN, Giri S. Practical Chemistry. S Chand Publishers. 6. Shah, Qadry. Textbook of inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry. PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Lee JD. Concise inorganic chemistry. 4th ed. Discher CA. Modern inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry. Indian Pharmacopoeia. 3rd & 4th eds. Delhi: The Controller of Publications, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India;1985 and 1996 Ayers. Quantitative chemical analysis. John HK. Analytical chemistry-principles. 3rd ed. New York:Sunders College Publication. Hargis, Larry. Analytical chemistry- principles and techniques. Skoog DA, West DM. Fundamental of analytical chemistry. 6th ed. Walton. Principles and methods of chemical analysis. LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Analytical Balance Physical Balance Suction Pump Muffle Furnace Oven Hot Plate Water Bath Distillation Unit

10 nos 05 nos 03 nos 01 no 01 no 05 nos 10 nos 01 no

1.6 MATHEMATICS (THEORY) 50 hours ; 2 hours/week 1. Matrices: Definition of matrices, addition, subtraction, multiplication of matrices. Determinants of order two and three examples pharmaceutical applications of determinants, solution of simultaneous linear equations by Cramer’s rule. 8 hours; 14 marks 2. Trigonometry: Relation between the sides and angles of a triangle. Inverse trigonometric functions 6 hours; 12 marks 3. Analytical Geometry: Point – Distance – Examples. Straight line: - General form of the Equation of a straight line, slope of the line, slope point form. Condition for two lines to be parallel and perpendicular, Perpendicular distance from the point to the line, angle between two lines. Circle: General Equation of a circle, finding centre and radius of the circle. 6 hours; 10 marks 4. Differential Calculus: Limit of a function, derivative of a function. Differentiation of a sum, product and quotient. Differentiation of composite functions, parametric functions, exponential functions, inverse trigonometric functions, Logarithmic differentiation. 10 hours; 19 marks 5. Integral Calculus: Indefinite integrals, integration by substitution and integration by parts important properties of definite integrals. 8 hours; 16 marks 6. Differential Equations: Definition formation of differential equations, differential equations of the first order and first degree. Methods of solving ordinary differential equations: variables separable, homogenous, linear, differential equations and equations reducible to these forms, linear differential equations with constant coefficients (higher order), homogeneous linear differential equations, simultaneous linear differential equations of the first order, Pharmaceutical applications. 12 hours; 19 marks MATHEMATICS REFERENCE BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Differential calculus – Shantinarayan Integral calculus –Shantinarayan Integral calculus - Golden Series Engineering Mathematics – Grewaf Trigonometry Part – I - S.L. Loncy 6. A Text Book of Mathematics for second year Pre-university - Prof. B.M. Sreenivasa Rao and S. Nagaraj 7. College Mathematics - G.K. Ranganath 8. Differential Equations - Golden Series

1.6 BIOLOGY (THEORY) 50 hours ; 2 hours/week

1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

PART A. BOTANY General organisation of the plant and plant cell and its inclusion 2 hours; 4 marks The plant tissues (Meristematic & Permanent) 2 hours; 4 marks The broad classification of plant kingdom Morphology of plant parts like roots, stem and leaf and their modifications 2 hours; 4 marks Inflorescence, flower and its pollination 2 hours; 4 marks Morphology of fruits and seeds 2 hours; 4 marks Plant taxonomy: Study of different families viz. Leguminaceae, Umbelliferae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae, Zingiberaceae, Rubiaceae with special reference to medicinal plants. 6 hours; 12 marks Plant physiology: Transpiration, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Growth 4 hours; 8 marks The study of: 1) Fungi: eg. Yeast, Penicillin 2) Bacteria 6 hours; 12 marks

PART B. ZOOLOGY 1. The study of Animal cell, Animal Tissue, Differences between plant and animal cell. 4 hours; 8 marks 2. The detailed study of frog. The study of representatives of Pisces, Reptiles and Aves with special reference to the medicinal values. 6 hours; 12 marks 3. General organisation of a mammal 5 hours; 10 marks 4. The study of poisonous animals. 5 hours; 10 marks

BIOLOGY (PRACTICALS)

50 Hours

PART A. Botany 1. The general organization of a typical plant and morphological study of plant parts studied in theory (Roots, Stem, Leaves and their modifications) * 2. Inflorescence and Flower * 3. Fruits and seeds (Identification) * 4. Plant tissues through permanent slides * and Histological preparations of roots, stems, leaves by eosin or Saphranian stain ** 5. Simple experiments on plant physiology * 6. Identification of cell inclusions * Part – B : Zoology 1. The study of animal tissues through permanent slides * 2. The study of various systems of frog using charts and models ** 3. Identification of poisonous animals * 4. Demonstration of dissection in rats * 5. Identification of representatives of animals phyla like Fish, Frog, Reptile and Mammal * Note: ** Denotes major experiments * Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Synopsis Study of any one system of frog Transfer section of leaf root or stem Minor experiment 1 Minor experiment 2 Viva voce

-

Total BIOLOGY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Dutta AC. A class book of botany. 2. Ekkambernath I. Outlines of zoology. 3. Tayler, Weber. Functional anatomy of a mammal. 4. Atwood. Comparative anatomy. 5. Prasad SN. A textbook of vertebrate zoology 6. Ekkambernath I. Vertebrate zoology vol. II

.

10 marks 15 marks 15 marks 10 marks 10 marks 10 marks -----------70 marks ------------

1.7 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND STATISTICS (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week PART A: STATISTICS 1.

Definition, data frequency, distribution, Classification of data. General graphical representation of the data: histogram, Frequency curve and frequency polygon and Ogive. Semilog line graph. Use of semilog scale-examples. 8 hours; 10 marks

2.

Measures of central tendency: Arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean. Median, Mode, Calculation of quartiles and percentiles deciles. 8 hours; 10 marks

3.

Measures of dispersion: Range, quartile deviation, Mean deviation, Standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, skewness and curtosis. 7 hours; 9 marks

4.

Correlation, Regression: Linear correlation, coefficient of correlation: Karlpersons formula, spearman’s rank method, curve fitting by the method of least squares: Fitting a straight line y=a+bx, Fitting a power curve y=axb, Fitting an exponential curve y=abx, y=aebx, Regression analysis for lines. 12 hours; 14 marks

5.

Definition of probability: Random experiment, sample space, Addition and multiplication laws of probability (without proof), probability distribution: binomial, poisson’s normal and chi-square, Student test and Pharmaceutical examples. 10 hours; 12 marks

PART B : COMPUTER SCIENCE 1.

a) Computer Fundamentals 6 hours; 8 marks Introduction, Classification of Computers (Based on all Criteria), Functional Units, Evaluation of Computer Languages, Assembler, Compiler, Interpreter. b) Number Systems 4 hours; 4 marks Introduction to Number Systems - Numeric and Non-Numeric Representation of Data, Decimal, Binary (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division) and Hexadecimal Number Systems.

2.

a) Introduction to Networks 3 hours; 3 marks i) Network Topologies - Linear, Ring, Star, Mesh, Hybrid, Types of Network - Lan, Man, Wan ii) Internet and Intranet, Protocols (T, IP, SMTP, FTP, HTTP etc,), iii) Web pages, Browsers, Search Engines b) Introduction to DBMS 5 hours; 6 marks Data and Information, Database s, Characteristics of the Database Approach, Advantages of using DBMS, Data Models, Schemas and Instances, Database Languages (DML, DDL)

3.

a) Introduction to OS 2 hours; 2 marks Definition and Types of Operating Systems (Unix, Windows, Mac OS) b) Introduction to Office Packages 6 hours; 7 marks Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint

4.

Introduction to Programming Languages – C 4 hours; 5 marks Features and Applications of C, Character Set, Definitions and Declarations of Identifiers, Variables, constants, Keywords, Data types, Operators and Expressions, Operator Precedence Various types of standard input and output statements. COMPUTER SCIENCE AND STATISTICS (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week CYCLE – I

1.

MS-Word 6 hours Creating Document, Letters, Banners, Pamphlets, Newspapers, Alignment of Paragraphs and Fonts, Page Settings, Mail Merge, Creating Tables, Header Footers, Inserting Images, Files. 2. MS-Excel 8 hours Creating Salary Slips, Creating Marks Cards, Creating Student/Employee Complete Data Creating Different Graphs with respect to the given data eg. Salary Slip, Employee Performance. Students Marks Cards, Calculating Sum, Average - Manual and Automatic by using tools. 3. MS-PowerPoint 6 hours Creating Colorful Slides with respect to any given data or to the subject using audio and video files CYCLE – II 4. C Programming Lab 15 hours 1. Program to Find sum of even and odd numbers separately in the given list of numbers 2. Program to find the largest and smallest of N numbers 3. Given two numbers, program to perform arithmetic operations using switch statement. 4. Program to generate Fibonacci Series upto N numbers using Do-while loop 5. Program to generate Prime Numbers using for loop. 6. Program to check whether the given number is factorial or not. 7. Program to insert a sub-string into a given string 8. Program to add, subtract and Multiply two MxN matrices 9. Program to swap two numbers using functions. 10. Program to create a simple marks card assuming appropriate conditions CYCLE – III 5.

Oracle / MS SQL hours 6. Create a Database of any Size 7. Create 6 Tables with respect to any subject

15

8. 9.

Use Script language SQL / PL SQL Using script commands, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, CREATE, RENAME 10. , LEFT , RIGHT , INNER 11. Create a customized report with respect to the subject assigned. 12. Introduction to PERL Scripting STATISTICS REFERENCE BOOKS 1. 2.

Steven PM, Andreas K. Applied statistics in the pharmaceutical industry. 2001. Munrao BH. Statistical methods for health care research. 4 th ed. Lippincott Company Publication;2000. 3. Pagano M, Kimberlee, Gauvreau. Principles of biostatistics. 10th ed. Lib of American Publication;2000. 4. Gotteti BK, Patricia KS. Statistics. London;Jones and Bartlet Publication;1994. COMPUTER SCIENCE REFERENCE BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4.

Thomas CB. Digital Computer Fundamentals. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing. Sinha. Fundamentals of computers. Ramez E, Shamkanth BN. Fundamentals of database systems. IVAN Bayross, SQL, PL/SQL The programming Language of Oracle.

SYLLABUS FOR II YEAR B.PHARM 2.1 PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS (THEORY) 50 hours ; 2 hours/week 1. Distribution law: Explanation, limitations and applications.

4 hours; 6-8 marks

2. Kinetics & drug stability: Rates and molecularity of a reaction, determination of order, factors influencing rate of reactions, stabilization of drugs, applications of chemical kinetics to the stability testing of pharmaceuticals. Simple numerical problems. Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis and oxidation. Accelerated stability testing in dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms by ICH guidelines. 8 hours; 13-15 marks 3. Interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interfaces, adsorption at liquid/solid interfaces, adsorption isotherms, concept of angle, hydrophile lipophile balance, spreading coefficient, Gibb’s adsorption equation and electrical properties of interfaces. 6 hours; 10-12 marks 4. Diffusion and dissolution: Steady state diffusion, types of diffusion, diffusion equation, diffusion cells, dissolution of tablets and capsules, Hixon-Crowell cube root law, dissolution apparatus; factors affecting dissolution. 5 hours; 8-10 marks 5. Rheology: Newtonian and Non-Newtonian systems, thixotropy, determinations of rheological properties (single and multipoint instruments). Applications to pharmacy. Rheological consideration, preparation, physical stability and evaluation of suspensions. Rheology of emulsions, micro-emulsions, multiple emulsions. 9 hours; 13-15 marks 6. Micrometrics: Particle size distribution, methods for determining particle size, shape and surface area. Derived properties of powders. Simple numerical problems. 5 hours; 8-10 marks 7. Colloids: Definition, types, preparation, purification, stabilization of colloids, properties, optical properties, kinetic properties, electrical properties, Donnan membrane phenomenon. 5 hours; 8-10 marks 8. Complexation: Types of complexes, metal complexes, organic molecular complexes, inclusion compounds, methods of analysis of complex. 5 hours; 8-10 marks 9. Analytical techniques : Brief introduction and applications of newer analytical techniques – DSC, X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Crystallography, SEM, TEM. 3 hours; 5-7 marks

PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Determination of viscosity of liquids using Ostwald’s viscometer.* 2. Determination surface tension of liquid by drop weight method.* 3. Study of flow properties of granules viz., rate of flow, angle of repose, bulk density.* 4. Preparation, stabilization and evaluation of hydrophobic colloids.** 5. Determination of partition coefficient of benzoic acid between benzene and water.** 6. Determination of HLB number of surfactants by Griffins method.** 7. Determination of shelf life using accelerated stability studies.** 8. Determination of rate constant for first order reactions.** 9. Determination of rate constant for second order reactions.** 10. Study of particle size distribution by optical microscopy.* 11. Determination of required HLB number for the oil phase to be presented as an emulsion. Formulation and evaluation of emulsion.** 12. Determination of constants of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption for adsorptions of acetic acid on activated charcoal.** 13. Determination of stability constant of glycine-copper complex by pH titration method.** 14. Construction of rheograms and study of rheological behaviour of biphasic systems employing multipoint viscometers. (For demonstration) Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis

-10 Marks

2. Major experiment (indicated by **)

-30 Marks

3. Minor experiment (indicated by *)

-20 Marks

4. Viva voce

-10 Marks

Total

= 70 Marks

PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Carter SJ. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy. 6th ed. New Delhi:CBS Publishers; 2000. 2. Gennaro AL. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy Vol I and II. 20 th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2000. 3. Martin A, Bustamante P, Chun AHC. Physical pharmacy. 4 th ed. New Delhi:BI Waverly Pvt Ltd;1995. 4. Rawlins EA. Bentley’s textbook of pharmaceutics. 8th ed. New Delhi:Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd;2010. 5. Subrahmanyam CVS. Essentials of physical pharmacy. Delhi:Vallabh Prakashan; 2003. 6. Subrahmanyam CVS. Textbook of physical pharmaceutics. 2 nd ed. Delhi:Vallabh Prakashan;2003. 7. Willard HH, Meritt LL, Dean JA, Settle FA. Instrumental methods of analysis. 7 th ed. New Delhi:CBS Publishers & Distributors;1986. LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Brookfield’s viscometer

01 no.

2. Digital electronic balances

03 nos.

3. Digital pH meters

01 no.

4. Microscopes

05 nos.

5. Ostwald’s Viscometers

15 nos.

6. Stage and eye piece micro meters

05 nos.

7. Stalagmometers

15 nos.

2.2 PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Introduction, a brief history of microbiology (spontaneous generation, theory of biogenesis, germ theory of disease, contributions of Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, Edward Jenner, Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur and Alexander Fleming), pharmaceutical importance of microorganisms. 4 hours; 2-5 marks 2. Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of bacteria, nutritional requirements, raw materials used for culture media and physical parameters for growth, culture media with emphasis on special purpose media, growth curve, continuous growth, synchronous growth, isolation and preservation [space] methods for pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobes, quantitative measurement of bacterial growth (total & viable count), identification of bacteria using colony characters, staining techniques (simple, Gram’s & Acid fast staining) and biochemical tests (IMViC). 12 hours; 12-17 marks 3. Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Fungi and Virus. 4 hours; 2-5 marks 4. Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of thermal, radiation, gaseous (ethylene oxide), filtration methods of sterilization. Brief study on sterilization indicators. Study of general methods of sterility testing including interpretation of its results. 12 hours; 10-15 marks 5. Ideal properties, classification and factors affecting the action of disinfectants. Mode of action and uses of phenols, halogens, metallic salts and aldehydes. Evaluation of bacteriostatic, bactericidal (phenol coefficient methods) properties of disinfectants and preservatives. 8 hours; 5-9 marks 6. Types of immunity, antigens and antigenic determinants, structure and formation of antibodies, classification of immunoglobulins, antigen-antibody reactions (precipitation and agglutination reactions), Types of vaccines, difference between vaccine & sera, killed vaccine & attenuated vaccine, preparation of BCG vaccine, Tetanus toxoid and Polio vaccine, immunization program and importance of booster dose, diagnostic tests viz. ELISA, Western blot, Widal and Mantoux. 12 hours; 12-17 marks 7. Introduction to fermentation technology, design and operation of a fermenter, production of streptomycin and vitamin B12. Principles and methods of microbiological assays with reference to streptomycin and vitamin B12. 8 hours; 7-10 marks 8. Introduction to recombinant DNA technology, tools and techniques of gene manipulation, production of recombinant insulin and hepatitis B vaccine. 5 hours; 5-7 marks 9. Types of cell lines, basic requirements, advantages, disadvantages and applications of animal cell culture. Production and applications of monoclonal antibodies. 5 hours; 5-7 marks

10. Study of causative organism, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, treatment and prevention of microbial diseases like cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, AIDS, malaria and dengue. 5 hours; 5-7 marks PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Study of apparatus used in experimental microbiology. 2. Sterilisation of glassware, preparation and sterilisation of media. 3. Staining techniques – Simple staining*, Gram's staining. ** 4. Motility testing* 5. Total and viable count*. 6. Isolation and maintenance of pure culture*. 8. Sensitivity testing.* 9. Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method**. 10. Sterility testing by direct transfer and membrane filtration technique*. 11. Initiation of callus culture* 12. Estimation of DNA by spectroscopic method.** 13. Estimation of RNA on spectroscopic method. ** Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

1. Synopsis 2. Major experiment**

-10 Marks -25 Marks

3. Minor experiment*

-15 Marks

4. Minor experiment*

-10 Marks

5. Viva-Voce

-10 Marks

Total

- 70 Marks

PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Hugo and Russell’s Pharmaceutical Microbiology (2004), 7th Ed, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 2. Microbiology: an introduction (2010) by Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, 10th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94111 3. Prescott, Harley and Klein's Microbiology 2 Ed, W. C Brown Publishers, 1993. 4. Pelczar Reid, Microbiology, 5th Ed, Tata MC Graw- Hill Publishers company, 1993. 5. Ananthnarayan and Pannicker, Text Book of Microbiology, 6 Ed, Orient-longman, Chennai, 1995. 6. S.P. Vyas and Dixit Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 1 Ed, CBS Publishers & distributors, NewDelhi, 1998. 7. S.S Kori Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, .Fundamentals and Applications, 1 Ed Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi. 8. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual By Cappuccino, Pearson Education India, 2005 9. Frobisher M, Fundamentals of Microbiology,9 Ed, Toppan Company Ltd. Tokyo. Japan. 10. Collins C.H. Microbiological Methods. 6 Ed, Butterworth, London. 1989. 11. Stanier, Ingraham, General Microbiology 5 Ed., Wheelies and Painter. 1987. 12. Cooper & Gunn's – Tutorial Pharmacy, 9 Ed, CBS Publisher and Distribution, 1986. 13. Roitt, Immunology, 4 Ed , Harwood academic publishers, Mosby, London.1997. 14. Bentley's Text Book of Pharmaceutics by Rawlins 8 Ed, ELBS publication, 1984. 15. Pharmacopoeia of India Govt. of India LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Autoclave 2. Hot air oven 3. B.O.D. Incubator 4. Refrigerator 5. Laminar air flow 6. Colony counter 7. Zone reader 8. Spectrophotometer 9. Microscope with stage 10. Sterility testing unit

02 nos 01 no 01 no 01 no 01 no 02 nos 01 no 01 no 20 nos 01 no

2.3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. a) Definition of pathology, health and disease. Terminologies used in pathology. b) Basic principles of cell injury and adaptation: Causes, pathogenesis and morphology of cell injury,

Cellular adaptation’s-physiologic and pathologic adaptations, Cellular ageing and death, Antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. 6 hours; 10-12 marks 2. Inflammation:a) Definition, causes, signs ,types of inflammation and chemicalmediators. b) Pathogenesis of acute inflammation (vascular events, Cellular events, transdate, exudate, edema, phagocytosis). c) Pathogenesis of chronic-inflammation and difference between acute and chronic inflammation. d) Tissue renewal and repair: regeneration healing and fibrosis. e) Wound healing: process of wound healing, types of cells, factors influencing healing of wounds. 12 hours; 10-12 marks 3. Diseases of Immunity: Components of the immune system: Cells involved in immune response- T and B cells, Macrophages, Dendritic cells and Natural killer cells. MHC proteins or transplantation antigens. Immune Tolerance. A) Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity type I, II, III, IV. Biological significance of hypersensitivity. Allergy due to food, chemicals and drugs. B) Auto-immunity: Mechanism of Autoimmunity. Classification of autoimmune diseases in man. Transplantation rejection (types and mechanisms). C) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) D) Amyloidosis. 12 hours; 10-12 marks 4. Cancer: General aspects of neoplasia, Definition, terminology, Differences between benign and malignant tumors. Etiology and pathogenesis of cancer. General biology and classification of malignant tumors. Invasions and metastasis of cancer. 10 hours; 6-10 marks 5. Shock: Types, mechanism, stages and Management

2 hours; 2-5 marks

6. Biological effects of radiation: Introduction on radiation, strength of radiation, mechanism of action of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and their toxic effects. 1 hour; 2-4 marks 7. Environment and Nutritional diseases:Obesity, Malnutrition, Pathogenesis of deficiency diseases with special reference to vitamins and minerals, Air pollution and smoking — SO 2, NO and CO. 4 hours; 2-4 marks 8. Pathophysiology (etiology, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms) of common diseases/disorders: Peptic ulcer and inflammatory bowel disease, Gastritis, Hypertension, Angina, Myocardial Infarction, Congestive cardiac failure, Atherosclerosis, Stroke (Ischemic and Hemorrhage), Diabetes Mellitus, Hypo and hyperthyroidism, Cirrhosis and Alcoholic liver diseases, Asthma and chronic obstructive airway diseases, Parkinsonism, Schizophrenia, Depression and Mania, Alzheimer’s disease, Acute and chronic renal failure. 16 hours; 16-18 marks 9. Pathophysiology (causative organisms, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms) of infectious diseases: Hepatitis - infective hepatitis, Sexually transmitted diseases (Syphilis, Gonorrhea), Pneumonia, Typhoid, Urinary tract infections, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Malaria, Dysentery (Bacterial and amoebic), Dengue and Chikungunya. 13 hours; 6-8 marks

10. Genetics and chromosomal disorders: Mendelian disorders, (Karyotypic abnormalities)

Cytogenic disorders 3 hours; 6-8 marks

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEXT BOOKS 1. Kumar V., Abbas A.K. and Aster J., Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th Edition, Elsevier, 2012. 2. Mohan H., Textbook of Pathology, 6th Edition , Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers, 2010. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Fausto N. and Aster J., Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th Edition , Saunders, 2009. 2. Mitchell R., Kumar V., Fausto N., Abbas A.K. and Aster J., Pocket comparisons to Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease,8th Edition, Saunders, 2011. 3. Kumar, Cotran, Robbins. Robbin’s Basic pathology. 7th edition. Elsevier.

2.4 APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Bio energetics 3 hours; 4-5 marks a) Concept of free energy and its determination; redox potential b) Energy rich compounds; ATP; Cyclic AMP; their biological significance 2. Biological Oxidation a) Electron transport chain (its mechanism and role) b) Inhibitors and Uncouplers of ETC c) Oxidative phosphorylation d) Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

5 hours; 6-7 marks

3. Proteins 2 hours; 2-3 marks Definition, classification, biological significance, properties viz, denaturation, isoelectric point 4. Enzymes and Coenzymes a) Definition ; Nomenclature ; IUB Classification b) Properties of enzymes; c) Factors effecting enzyme activity; d) Enzyme kinetics ( Michaelis plot ; Line Weaver Burke plot) e) Enzyme Inhibition (with examples) f) Iso-enzymes g) Enzyme Induction; repression h) Applications of enzymes i) Coenzymes, categories of reactions requiring coenzymes; j) Structure of coenzymes, and their biochemical role k) Vitamins - water soluble, fat soluble

13 hours; 16-17 marks

5. Carbohydrate metabolism 13 hours; 16-17 marks a) Introduction: Definition, classification and biological significance b) Glycolysis along with significance and energetics c) Glycogenesis glycogenolysis, d) TCA cycle; (Amphibolic nature of TCA cycle) along with significance and energetics e) Gluconeogenisis and its significance f) Various shuttle systems (glycerol phosphate; Malate aspartate) g) HMP Shunt Pathway and its significance h) Uronic acid pathway and galactose metabolism i) disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: glycogen storage diseases, Diabetes mellitus j) Hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism k) Glucose tolerance test and blood glucose regulation.

6. Lipid metabolism a) Introduction: Definition, classification, essential fatty acids b) Oxidation of saturated (palmitic acid) fatty acids c) Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (-linolenic acid) 4 d) Oxidation of odd numbered fatty acids e) Formation and fate of ketone bodies f) Cholesterol metabolism, g) g Biosynthesis of fatty acids (de novo) h) Phospholipids and sphingolipids.

10 hours; 12-13 marks

7. Amino acid metabolism 12 hours; 14-15 marks a) Amino acids definition, classification and significance b) General reactions of amino acids: Transamination, deamination and decarboxylations of amino acids c) Urea cycle, deficiency symptoms of urea cycle enzymes d) Metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids e) Catabolism of tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, phenyl ketonurea alkaptonurea f) Synthesis & significance of biologically important substances: creatine, histamine, 5HT, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline. g) Porphyrins, Bile Pigments; Hyperbilirubinemia 8. Nucleotides and Nucleic acids 12 hours; 14-15 marks a) Introduction: Structure and numbering of purine and pyrimidine nucleus b) Purine nucleotides biosynthesis c) Pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis d) Catabolism of purines and pyrimidines e) DNA structure, significance as genetic material f) RNA types, structure and significance g) DNA replication h) Mutation and repair of DNA i) Transcription or RNA synthesis j) Genetic code k) Translation or protein synthesis and its Inhibition 9. Principles and significance for following Biochemical tests a) Kidney function tests b)Liver function tests c) Lipid profile d)Gastric function test 55

5 hours; 6-7 marks

APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Identification of carbohydrates (Scheme and identification) (glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose) 2 Identification of proteins (Scheme and identification) (casein, albumin, gelatin, peptone) 3. Quantitative estimation of carbohydrates (any one method) DNS reagent Anthrone Reagent 4. Quantitative estimation of proteins (any one method): Biuret Reagent, Lowry's Reagent 5. Qualitative analysis of Urine a) For Normal constituents b) Abnormal constituents 6. Quantitative Urine analysis a. Titrable acidity and ammonia b. Estimation of reducing sugars in urine (Benedict’s method) c. Estimation of chlorides in urine d. Estimation of Creatinine in urine e. Estimation of calcium in urine 7. Quantitative analysis of blood a. Estimation of glucose in blood (Folin-Wu method) b. Estimation of creatinine in blood c. Estimation of cholesterol in blood d. Estimation of urea in serum e. Estimation of SGOT in serum f. Estimation of SGPT in serum 8. Enzyme a. Salivary amylase activity b. Effect of temperature on enzyme (amylase) activity c. Effect of pH on enzyme (amylase) activity SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis 2. Urine Analysis 3. Titrimetric Experiment 4. Colorimetric Experiment 5. Viva Total 56

10 Marks 15 Marks 20 Marks 15 Marks 10 Marks 70 Marks

APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY TEXT BOOKS 1) Phrmaceutical Biochemistry – KN Jayaveera et al, S Chand publishers 2) Textbook of Biochemistry – Harron and Mazur 3) Textbook of Biochemistry – Varun Kumar Malhotra 4) Fundamentals of Biochemistry- JL Jain et al, S Chand publishers APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY REFERENCE BOOKS 1) Harpers Review of Biochemistry – Martin 2) Text book of Biochemistry – Lehninger 3) Outlines of Biochemistry – Conn and Stump 4) Hawk's Physiological Chemistry- Oser 5) Hand Book of Basic Pharmacokinetics- Pitachel LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1) Colorimeter 01 2) Centrifuge 01 3) Electronic Balance 01 4) Physical/Chemical Balance 01 5) pH meter 01 6) Water bath 05 a) Temperature controlled 01 b) Ordinary 01 7) Volumetric flask 60 8) Pipette 20 a) Graduated 10 b) Bulb 10 9) Burettes 20 10) Conical flask 20 11) China dish 20 12) Burner 20 13) Glass wares such as measuring cylinders, reagent bottles, glass rods, tubes etc. 14) Folin-Wu tube 120

2.5 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week The subject is to be treated in the light of modern perspective giving stress wherever possible on the following aspects-structure, nomenclature, preparation, properties, energy of activation, transition state, resonance, stereochemistry, optical isomerism, Geometric isomerism and mechanism of reaction. I. Stereochemistry: 14 hours;17-18 marks a) Stereo isomerism, classification of sterioisomers tetrahedral optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, meso structures, elements of symmetry, chirality, chiral centers, configuration, specification of D and L configuration, R and S configuration. Recemic modification and resolution of recemic mixture, conformational isomers, asymmetric synthesis, Reaction of chiral molecules b) Stereo selective and steriospecific reactions with examples. 2 hours;3-4 marks c) Geometrical isomerism, its nature of formation, rotation about bonds: nomenclature of isomers, determination of configuration, Nature of E and Z forms 5 hours; 6-7 marks d) Stereochemistry of alicylic compounds, allenes and biphenyls, stereochemistry of oximes 3 hours; 4-5 marks II. Heterocyclic Chemistry: 27 hours; 34-36 marks General classification of heterocyclic compounds, nature and nomenclature. reactions, synthesis and properties of the following heterocyclic systems and their derivatives. a) Pyrrole, Furan and Thiophene b) Indole, Benzofuran and Benzothiophene c) Pyridine d) Quinoline, Isoquinoline, acridine e) Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole, Isoxazole and Thiazole f) Pyrimidine, Pyrazine, Pyridazine, Purine, benzodiazepine and phenothiazine III Chemistry of bio molecules of pharmaceutical importance: 1. Carbohydrates: 9 hours; 11-12 marks Introduction, Definition, Classification, Nomenclature, Structural determination of Glucose and Fructose. Stereoisomers of monosaccharides, reactions, conversions, configuration, cyclic structures of glucose, determination of ring size in Glucose. Fischer projection formulae, and conformations. Disaccharides and polysaccharides. Chemical nature of maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch and cellulose, derivatives used in pharmacy. 2. Fats and Oils: 4 hours; 5-6 marks Chemistry of fats oils and waxes. Occurrence and composition. Hydrolysis of fats, Fats as sources of pure acids and alcohols. Analytical constants of fats and oils such as Saponification value, Iodine value, Acid value and Unsaponifiable matter and methods of their determination and significance. Rancidity of oils, hardening of oils, hydrogenation of oils, drying, semidrying and nondrying oils with example. 3. Proteins and Amino acids: 4 hours; 5-6 marks Introduction, definition, classification of proteins and amino acids their properties Zwitterions. Isoelectric point and its significance. reactions, synthesis of amino acids (Gabriel's Pthalimide synthesis, Strecker's synthesis, Koop's and Erlenmeyer's azalactone

synthesis) and reactions. Peptide linkages, Peptide synthesis, solid phase synthesis structures of proteins, C-terminal and N-terminal analysis. 4. Protection and De-protection of groups: 3 hours; 4-5 marks Introduction to protection and deprotection of functional groups examples of two protective agents each for amino, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups with their significance in organic synthesis. 5. A study and specific uses of the reagents in organic synthesis including their mechanism 4 hours; 5-6 marks a) Aluminium isopropoxide – Meerwein –Ponndorf- Verley reduction, Oppenauer oxidation. b) Aluminium tertiary butoxide – Allylic bromination c) Lithium aluminium hydride – Reduction of carboxylic acid d) Periodic acid – Oxidation of 1,2 – diol to carbonyl compound e) Sodamide – Chichibian reaction f) Sodium borohydride – Reduction of aldehyde carbonyl group g) Metachloro peroxybenzoic acid – Beyer – villeger oxidation (oxidation of ketone to esters) h) Diazo methane – Buchaner – Curtius – Schlotterbeck reaction (Aldehydes to methyl ketones) 59

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week (Following experiments to be carried out in 25 classes) I. Quantitative determination of organic compounds via functional groups ** 1. Phenolic group by bromination method 2. Alcoholic group by acetylation method 3. Carbonyl group by hydroxylamine hydrochloride-pyridine method 4. Aldehyde group by sodium sulphite-sulphuric acid procedure 5. Carboxyl group by acid-base method 6. Determination of acetone by sodium hypoiodide method 7. Amino group by bromination method 8. Amino acid Formal titration method II. Analysis of oils and fats: (I.P. Method)* 1. Acid value 2. Saponification value 3. Iodine value III. Synthesis/ preparation involving more than one step* 1. p-bromoaniline from acetanilide 2. p-Nitroaniline from acetanilide 3. p-Nitrophenyldrazine from p-nitroaniline 4. 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazole from ethyl acetoacetate 5. Benzilic acid from benzoin 6. Pthalimide from benzophenone 7. Pthalimide from pthalic acid 8. Synthesis of 2, 3-Diphenyl quinoxaline 9. Benzimidazole Orthophenylene Diamine 6 Note: ** Denotes major experiments * Denotes minor experiments 0 SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1 Synopsis 10 Marks 2 Major Experiment (**) 30 Marks 3 Minor Experiment (*or oil analysis) 20 Marks 4 Viva 10 Marks Total 70 Marks

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II TEXT BOOKS (THEORY) 1. E. L. Eliel, John Wiley and Son, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. New York, 1993. 2. I. L. Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol. I and II, Sixth Edition, 2003, ELBS. 3. A text book of Organic Chemistry Arun Bhal and B.S,.Bhal, S. Chand Publishers revised edition. 4. Raj K. Bansal, Heterocyclic Chemistry, New age international Ltd., New Delhi, Third Edition, 2001. 5. B. S. Bhal and Arun Bhal, S. Chand, Advanced Organic Chemistry and Company, New Delhi, 2001. 6. T. W. G. Solomans, Organic Chemistry, Sixth Edition, , John Wiley and Son, New York, 1996. PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II REFERENCE BOOKS (Theory) 1. R.O.C Norman and J. M. Conon, Principals of Organic Synthesis, Third Edition, 1995, ELBS, 2. R. J. Morrison and R. N. Boyd Organic Chemistry, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 3. J. A. Joule and L. K.Mills, Heterocyclic Chemistry Fourth edition, Blackwell Science Publisher, 2000. 4. S. M. Mukherji and S. P. Singh, Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition Macmillan publishers, 2001. 5. I. P. 1996, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, All edition including latest. 6. A. I. Vogel, Elementary Organic Chemistry, Part-3, Quantitative Organic Analysis, second edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 2000. 7. B. S. Furniss, A. J. Hannaford, P.W.G.Smith and A. R. Tatchell, Vogel's Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, Edited, Fifth Edition, Addison Wesley Longman, England, 1998. 8. Chemistry and Natural Products by Chatwal Vol. 1 & 2 9. Reaction and reagents O P Agrawal, Goel Publishing House, Subhash Bazar, Meerut (U.P) India PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II REFERENCE BOOKS (Practical) 1. A.I. Vogel, Elementary Practical organic chemistry, ELBS and Longman group Ltd., London. 2. Mann and Sounders, Practical Organic Chemistry-ELBS and Longman group Ltd., 3. D.L.Pavia, G.Lampman and G.D.Kriz. Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques. 4. I.P., Govt. of India, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, 3rd Edition (1985), 4th Edition (1996). 5. A. I. Vogel, Text Book of practical organic chemistry, ELBS Longman, London, 4th edition. 61

LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Suction Pump 2. Analytical Balance 3. Physical Balance 4. Triple Beam Balance 5. Water Baths, Reflux flask and condenser 6. Hot Plate 7. Mechanical Stirrer 8. Magnetic Stirrers with Thermostat 9. Distillation Unit 10. Refrigerator 11. Oven

01 01 05 Adequate 10 Adequate Adequate Adequate 01 01 01

2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (THEORY) 50 hours ; 2 hours/week Unit 1 : Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies ; Definition, scope and importance 2 hours;2-5 marks Unit 2 : Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources : Natural resources and associated problems. a) Forest resources : Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. b) Water resources : Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. c) Mineral resources : Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. d) Food resources : World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources : Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. f) Land resources : Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. • Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. • Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. 8 hours;5-10 marks Unit 3 : Ecosystems • Concept of an ecosystem. • Structure and function of an ecosystem. • Producers, consumers and decomposers. • Energy flow in the ecosystem. • Ecological succession. • Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. • Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem :a. Forest ecosystem b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert ecosystem d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)6 hours;5-10 marks Unit 4 : Biodiversity and its conservation • Introduction – Definition : genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. • Biogeographical classification of India • Value of biodiversity : consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values • Biodiversity at global, National and local levels. • Inida as a mega-diversity nation • Hot-sports of biodiversity. • Threats to biodiversity : habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. • Endangered and endemic species of India • Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. 8 hours; 5-10 marks

Unit 5 : Environmental Pollution Definition • Cause, effects and control measures of :a. Air pollution b. Water pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards • Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. • Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. • Pollution case studies. • Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. 8 hours;5-10 marks Unit 6 : Social Issues and the Environment • From Unsustainable to Sustainable development • Urban problems related to energy • Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management • Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies • Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions. • Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies. • Wasteland reclamation. • Consumerism and waste products. • Environment Protection Act. • Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. • Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act • Wildlife Protection Act • Forest Conservation Act • Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. • Public awareness. 7 hours;5-10 marks Unit 7 : Human Population and the Environment • Population growth, variation among nations. • Population explosion – Family Welfare Programme. • Environment and human health. • Human Rights. • Value Education. • HIV/AIDS. • Women and Child Welfare. • Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health. • Case Studies. 6 hours;5-10 marks Unit 8 : Field work (Field work Equal to 5 Hrs) • Visit to a local area to document environmental assets river/ forest/grassland/hill/mountain • Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural • Study of common plants, insects, birds. • Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc

SIX MONTHS COMPULSORY CORE MODULE COURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: FOR UNDERGRADUATES Teaching Methodologies The core Module Syllabus for Environment Studies includes class room teaching and Field Work. The syllabus is divided into eight units covering 50 lectures. The first seven units will cover 45 lectures which are class room based to enhance knowledge skills and attitude to environment. Unit eight is based on field activates which will be covered in five lecture hours and would provide student first hand knowledge on various local environmental aspects. Field experience is one of the most effective learning tools for environmental concerns. This moves out of the scope of the text book mode of teaching into the realm of real learning in the field, where the teacher merely acts as a catalyst to interpret what the student observes or discovers in his/her own environment. Field studies are as essential as class work and form an irreplaceable synergistic tool in the entire learning process. Course material provided by UGC for class room teaching and field activities be utilized. The universities/colleges can also draw upon expertise of outside resource persons for teaching purpose. Environmental Core Module shall be integrated into the teaching programmes of all undergraduate courses.

Exam Pattern : In case of awarding the marks, the question paper should carry 100 marks. The structure of the question paper being : Part-A, Short answer pattern - 25 marks Part-B, Essay type with inbuilt choice - 50 marks Part-C, Field Work - 25 marks ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE REFERENCE BOOKS a) Agarwal, K.C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Publ. Ltd. Bikaner. b) Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad – 380 013, India, Email:[email protected] (R) c) Brunner R.C., 1989, Hazardous Waste Incineration, McGraw Hill Inc. 480p d) Clark R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford (TB) e) Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T. 2001, Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House, Mumabai, 1196p f) De A.K., Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd. g) Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment (R) h) Gleick, H.P. 1993. Water in crisis, Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev., Environment & Security. Stockholm Env. Institute Oxford Univ. Press. 473p i) Hawkins R.E., Encyclopedia of Indian Natural History, Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay (R) j) Heywood, V.H & Waston, R.T. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge Univ. Press 1140p.

k) Jadhav, H & Bhosale, V.M. 1995. Environmental Protection and Laws. Himalaya Pub. House, Delhi 284 p. l) Mckinney, M.L. & School, R.M. 1996. Environmental Science systems & Solutions, Web enhanced edition. 639p. m) Mhaskar A.K., Matter Hazardous, Techno-Science Publication (TB) n) Miller T.G. Jr. Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co. (TB) o) Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Co. USA, 574p p) Rao M N. & Datta, A.K. 1987. Waste Water treatment. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd. 345p. q) Sharma B.K., 2001. Environmental Chemistry. Geol Publ. House, Meerut r) Survey of the Environment, The Hindu (M) s) Townsend C., Harper J, and Michael Begon, Essentials of Ecology, Blackwell Science (TB) t) Trivedi R.K., Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules Guidelines, Compliances and Stadards, Vol I and II, Enviro Media (R) u) Trivedi R. K. and P.K. Goel, Introduction to air pollution, Techno-Science Publication (TB) v) Wanger K.D., 1998 Environmental Management. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA 499p (M) Magazine (R) Reference (TB) Textbook

SYLLABUS FOR III YEAR B. PHARM 3.1 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – I (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week I Basic Principles of Medicinal Chemistry 12 hours;15-16 marks a) History and development of Medicinal Chemistry, definition of hit, lead and drug. b) Effects of the following physicochemical properties of drug molecules on biological activity: Ionisation, hydrogen bonding, solubility, partition coefficient, logP, logD, protein binding, chelation and polar surface area. c) Receptor and drug receptor interactions. d) Drug metabolism: Biotransformation, sites of biotransformation, General pathways of drug biotransformation, role of cytochrome P-450 and monoaminooxygenase in oxidative biotransformation, oxidative, reductive, hydrolytic and conjugation reactions with examples. A study of development of the following classes of drugs including structure activity relationship (SAR), mechanism of action, synthesis of compounds superscribed by ‘s’, chemical nomenclature, generic names, brand names (a few important marketed products) and side effects. II Central nervous system depressants 16 hours;20-21 marks A. General Anaesthetics: Definition, mode of action 1. Inhalation anaesthetics: Halothanes, Methoxyflurane, Nitrous oxide 2. Ultra shot acting barbiturates: Methohexitol sodiums, Thiopental sodium 3. Dissociative anaesthetics: Ketamine hydrochloride B. Tranquilizers, sedatives and hypnotics 1. Major tranquilizers: SAR of Phenothiazines, Promethazine HCl, Chlorpromazine HCls, Prochlorperazine, thioridazine HCl Thioxanthenes: Chlorprothixene, thiothixine, clozapine Fluorobutyrophenones: Haloperidols, Resperidone Beta amino ketones: Molindone HCl, Benzamaide surpieride Minor tranquilizers: SAR of Benzodiazepines, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepams, Orazepam, Chlorazepam, Lorazepam, Flurazepam, Alprazolams, Triazolams 2. Barbiturates: Classification and SAR, Barbitals, Methobarbitals, Phenobarbital, Amobarbitals, Butarbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital 3. Miscellaneous sedative hypnotics: a) Amides and imides: Glutethimides, Methyprylon, Methaqualones b) Alcohols and their carbamate derivatives: Ethchlorvynol, Ethinamate, Meprobamates c) Aldehydes and their derivatives: Chloral hydrate, Paraldehyde C. Skeletal muscle relaxants: Chlorphenesins, Methocarbamol, Chlorzoxazone D. Drugs used in spasticity: Baclofen, Buspirone E. Anticonvulsants: Structural requirement for anticonvulsant activity, mechanism of anticonvulsant action 1. Barbiturates: Phenobarbitone, Mepobarbitone 2. Hydantoins: Phenytoin sodiums, Ethotoin, Mephenytoin 3. Oxazolidinediones: Trimethadiones, Paramethadione 4. Succinimides: Phensuximides, Methsuximide, Ethsuximide 5. Urea and monoacyl ureas: Phenacemide, Carbamazepines

6. Benzodiazepines: Clonazepams, 7. Miscellaneous: Primidone, Valproic acid III Adrenergic agents

9 hours;11-12 marks

A. Adrenergic neurotransmitters and their biosynthesis and metabolism, adrenergic receptors their distribution and actions mediated by them B. Sympathomimetics 1. Direct acting: SAR, Endogenous catecholamines, a) Alpha adrenergic agonists: Phenylephrines, Methoxamine, Naphazoline, Xylometazolines, Oxymetazoline, Clonidines, Guanabenz, Methyldopa b) Dual agonist/antagonist: Dobutamine c) Beta adrenergic agonists: Isoproterenols, Metaproterenol, Terbutalins, Albuterol, Salbuterol, Bitolterol, Ritodrine 2. Indirect acting: Hydroxyamphetamine, Propylhexedrine 3. Mixed acting: Ephedrine, Metaraminol C. Adrenolytics: 1. Alpha blockers: a) Non selective: Tolazoline b) Irreversible blockers: Phenoxybenzamines c) Alpha1 blockers: Prazosins, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin d) Alpha2 blockers: Yohimbine, Coryanthine 2. Beta blockers: SAR a) Non selective blockers: Propranolols, Nadolol, Pindolol, Timolol, Sotalol b) Beta1 blockers: Acebutolol, Atenelol, Esmolol, Metaprolols c) Betablockers with alpha1 antagonistic activity: Labetalol, Carvedilol IV Cholinergic drugs and related agents 12 hours;15-16 marks 1. Cholinergic neurotransmitter: Biosynthesis, metabolism and functions of acetylcholine 2. Cholinergic receptors: Nicotinic, muscarinic and their subtypes A. Cholinergic agonists: 1. Stereochemistry and SAR, Acetylcholine, Methacholine, Carbachol, Bethanechol, Pilocarpine 2. Cholesterase inhibitors: a) Reversible: Mode of action, Physostigmine, Neostigmines, Ambenonium, Demecarium, Edrophonium, Tacrine b) Irreversible: Mode of action, Isoflurophate, Ecothiophate, Malathion, Parathion, Pralidoxime. B. Cholinergic blockers: SAR 1. Postganglionic blockers: Structural considerations of solanaceous alkaloids and analogs, Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Homatropine, Ipratropium 2. Synthetic agents: Clidinium, Dicyclomines, Glycopyrrolate, Methantheline, Propantheline, Benztropine, Procyclidine, Tropicamides 3. Ganglionic blockers: Mode of action, Trimethaphan, Mecamylamine 4. Neuromuscular blockers: Mode of action, Tubocurarine, Metocurine, Gallamine, Pancuronium, Vecuronium. V Local anesthetics A. Definition, classification, and mechanism of action

4 hours;5-6 marks

B. SAR of lidocaine derivatives C. 1. Benzoic acid derivatives: Hexylcaine, Cyclomethicaine, Piperocaine 2. Aminobenzoic acid derivatives: Benzocaine, Procaine s, Procainamide 3. Lidocaine derivatives (Anilides): Lidocaine s, Prilocaine 4. Miscellaneous: Dimethisoquin, Dibucaine VI Histamine and antihistaminic agents 6 hours;8-9 marks A. Histamine: receptors and its actions B. Antihistaminics: H1 antagonists a) Aminoalkyl ethers: Diphenhydramine HCl, Bromodiphenhydramine, Doxylamine b) Ethylene diamines: Tripelenamine , Pyrilamine c) Propylamine derivatives: Pheniramine, Chlorpheniramines d) Phenothiazine derivatives: Promethazine s, Trimeprazine e) Piperazine derivatives: Cyclizine, Meclizine, Cetrizine s f) Miscellaneous compounds: Phenindamine, Cyproheptadine C. H2 antagonists: Mechanism, Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine D. Gastric proton pump inhibitors: Mechanism of action, Omeprazole s, Pentaprazole, Rabiprazole, Lansoprazole. VII Analgesic agents 9 hours;11-12 marks A. 1. Narcotic analgesics: Opoid receptors, SAR, Morphine, Codiene, Diacetyl morphine, Levorphanol, Dextromethorphan s, Pentazocine, Meperidine, Loperamide, Fentanyl, Methadones, Propoxyphene, Tramadol 2. Narcotic antagonists: Butorphanol, Nalorphine, Levalorphan, Naltrexone, Naloxone B. Non narcotic analgesics 1. Steroidal anti-inflammatory agents: Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone, Betamethasone, Triamcinolone, Fluocinolone 2. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents: Mechanism of action a) Salicylic acid derivatives: Aspirin b) N-aryl anthranilic acid derivatives: Mefenamic acid s, Diclofenac, Aceclofenac c) Aryl acetic acid derivatives: Indomethacin, Ibuprofen s, Piroxicam s, Naproxen s d) Aniline and paraaminophenol derivatives: Phenacetin, Acetaminophen s e) Pyrazolone and pyrazolidine dione derivatives: Antipyrin, Oxyphenbutazone, Phenylbutazone f) Diaryl sulphonamides: Nimesulides, Rofecoxib, Valdecoxib VIII Structure and medicinal uses of important prostaglandins

1 hour;1-2 marks

IX Natural Products 6 hours;8-9 marks A. Alkaloids: Definition, Classification, Structural elucidation of ephedrine B. Purines: Definition, Structural elucidation of caffeine, Interrelation among caffeine, theophylline, theobromine. C. Terpenoids: Definition, classification, isoprene and special isoprene rule, Interrelationship among monocyclic monoterpenoids like limonene, dipentene, alpha terpenoid, alpha terpenion, terpenolene, terpin, terpene hydrate, carvone and cineone.

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY I (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week I. Identification test and test for purity of* 1. Benzocaine 2. Phenytoin sodium 3. Diclofenac sodium 4. Aminophylline 5. Aspirin 6. Caffeine 7. Paracetamol II Assay of medicinally useful compounds (in solid dosage form)** 1. Ibuprofen by alkalimetry 2. Analgin by iodimetry 3. Ephedrine HCl/Phenobarbitone by non-aqueous titration 4. Procaine/Benzocaine by diazotisation 5. Chlorpromazine by cerimetry III Preparation of medicinally useful compounds* 1. Phenytoin from benzoin 2. Paracetamol from p-nitrophenol 3. Benzocaine from p-aminobenzoic acid 4. 4-hydroxycoumarin from resorcinol 5. Mefenamic acid from anthranilic acid 6. Phenothiazine from diphenylamine IV Degradation of Ephedrine to benzoic acid* V Determination of partition coefficient and log P for any two drugs** Note: ** Denotes major experiments * Denotes minor experiments Scheme of Examination 1 Synopsis 2 Major (indicated by **) 3 Minor (indicated by *) 4 Minor (indicated by *) 5 Practical Viva-voce Total

10 Marks 25 Marks 15 Marks 10 Marks 10 Marks 70 Marks

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY I TEXT BOOKS (THEORY) Latest editions and all volumes of 1 Wilson and Giswold’s Text book of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Wolters Kluwer 2 William O Foye Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 3 Medicinal Chemistry Ashutosh Kar New age international publishers, New Delhi 4 Chemistry of Natural Products by Chatwal and Anand 5 Organic medicinal chemistry by Pandey MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY I REFERENCE BOOKS (THEORY) Latest editions and all volumes of 1 Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, ME Walffed Johnwilley and sons 2 Martindale the Extra Pharmacopoeia, JE Reynolds The pharmaceutical press, London 3 Beckett and Stenlake Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, the sthalone press, University of London 4 IP 2014 Govt. of India, Ministry of health 5 BS Furniss et al Vogel’s TB of Practical Organic Chemistry including quantitative analysis, ELBS/Longman, London 6 Mann and Saunders Practical Organic Chemistry Longman Green and Co London 7 Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis Lednicer Mitzsher 8 Current Index of Medical Specialities (CIMS) 9 Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry Korolkovas 10 Natural Product Chemistry by Agarwal MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY I REFERENCE BOOKS (PRACTICALS) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Latest editions and all volumes of IP IL Finar TB of organic chemistry AI Vogel TB of Practical organic chemistry The Organic chemistry of drug synthesis Lednicer Mitzsher Mann and Saunders Practical organic chemistry T Robinson Organic constituents of higher medicinal plants CIMS LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Suction pump Analytical balance Water bath, reflux flask and condenser Hot plate Mechanical stirrer Magnetic stirrer with thermostat Distillation unit Refrigerator Fuming hood Oven

01 10 10 01 02 02 01 01 01 01

3.2 PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND ETHICS (THEORY) 50 hours ; 2 hours/week 1. Introduction a) Pharmaceutical legislations - brief review. 1 hour;2-3 marks 2. An elaborate (practical oriented) study of the following a) Code of pharmaceutical ethics. 1 hour;2-3 marks b) Pharmacy act 1948. 2 hours;3-5 marks c) Drugs and cosmetic act 1940 and rules 1945 (with special reference to schedules M,P,U,V, and Y). 20 hours;25-30 marks d) Medicinal and toilet preparations (Excise Duties) Act 1955. 3 hours;5-7 marks e) Medical Termination of pregnancy act 2 hours;3-5 marks f) Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act 1985 and rules. 3 hours;5-7 marks g) DPCO 2013. 2 hours;3-5 marks h) Pharmaceutical policy 2002. 2 hours;3-5 marks i) Right to information act. 2 hours;3-5 marks j) Hatch Waxman act 1984. 2 hours;3-5 marks 3. A brief study of the following with special reference to be main provisions a) Drugs and magic remedies (Objectionable ments) act 1954 2 hours;3-5 marks b) Prevention of cruelty to animals act 1960 including study of SCEA guidelines 2 hours;3-5 marks c) Indian Patents Act with special reference to pharmaceuticals along with amendment bills, process patent and product patent. a. General procedure for obtaining pharmaceutical patents, introduction to intellectual properties. Trademark, copyright, trade secrets. 4 hours;6-10 marks 4. New Drug Application, Abbreviated new drug application (ANDA)2 hours;3-5 marks Note: The teaching of all the above acts should cover the latest amendments. PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND ETHICS REFERENCE BOOKS 1. SCEA Guidelines. 2. Gennaro AL. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy Vol I and II. 20 th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2000. 3. Helsinki Guidelines. 4. ICMR Guidelines. 5. Jain NK. A textbook of forensic pharmacy. 6th ed. New Delhi:Vallabh Prakashan,2003. 6. Jani GK. Pharmaceutical jurisprudence vol I and II. Ahmedabad:Atul Prakashan. 7. Kuchekar BS. A textbook of pharmaceutical jurisprudence. Pune:Nirali Prakashan;1994. 8. Latest issues of CIMS, MIMS, PDR, DDR. 9. Latest issues of IDMA Bulletin. 10. Mithal BM. A textbook of forensic pharmacy. Delhi:Vallabh Prakashan. Year 11. Parikshit B. IPR handbook for pharma students & researchers. 12. Saikishore. Drug regulatory affairs. 13. Subramanyam CVS, Thimmasetty J. Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs. Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan;2012. 14. Sudhakar Y. Novel drug delivery systems & regulatory affairs. 15. Suresh B. A text book of forensic pharmacy.

3.3 PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Isolation and purification of phytoconstituents: a) Different methods of extraction: maceration, percolation and supercritical fluid extraction. Choice of suitable solvents, processing and drying methods. b) Preliminary phytochemical screening of various secondary metabolites in plant extracts. c) Chromatographic methods applied for the isolation and purification of phytoconstituents. 10 hours; 10-12 marks 2. Evaluation of crude drugs: Organoleptic, Microscopical, Physical, Chemical, Spectroscopic and Biological methods 4 hours; 5-10 marks 3. Biogenesis of Phytopharmaceuticals: a) Techniques employed in the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways b) Detailed study of basic metabolic pathways, Shikimic acid pathway and Isoprenoid pathway c) Biosynthesis of - Tropane, Quinoline, Opium and Indole alkaloids, Anthraquinone glycosides and Steroids. 12 hours; 12-15 marks 4. Glycosides: a) Definition, properties, chemical tests, classification and general method of extraction of glycosides b) Definition, properties, chemical nature and uses of the following: i) Cardiac glycosides ii) Anthracene glycosides iii) Saponins iv) Cyanogenetic glycosides v) Flavonoids vi) Lactones and bitter glycosides vii) Isothiocyanate glycosides viii) Steroidal glyco-alkaloids c) Source, diagnostic characters, chemical constituents, uses and adulterants of i) Digitalis ii) Squill iii) Senna iv) Aloes v) Cochineal vi) Ginseng vii)Liquorice viii) Wild Cherry bark ix) Bio-flavonoids (Lemon & Orange peel) x) Gingko xi) Milk-thistle xii) Chirata xiii) Dioscorea xiv) Mustard xv) Solanum nigrum. 15 hours; 15-20 marks 5. Alkaloids: a) Definition, properties, chemical tests, classification and general method of extraction of alkaloids b) Source, diagnostic characters, chemical constituents, uses and adulterants of i) Lobelia ii) Tobacco iii) Datura iv) Atropa v) Cinchona vi) Ipecac vii) Opium viii) Rauwolfia ix) Ergot x) Aconite xi) Kurchi xii) Ephedra xiii) Colchicum xiv) Tea xv) Taxus. 15 hours; 15-20 marks 6. Essential oils : a) Definition, properties, chemical nature, classification and general method of extraction of volatile oils b) Source, diagnostic characters, chemical constituents and uses of: i) Clove ii) Cinnamon iii) Fennel iv) Caraway v) Eucalyptus vi) Mentha vii) Nutmeg viii) Lemon grass oil c) Analysis of the following: Clove oil, Cinnamon oil, Eucalyptus oil, Mentha oil and lemon grass oil. 10 hours; 10-12 marks 7. Tannins: a) Definition, properties, classification, general method of extraction and estimation of tannins. b) Source, chemical constituents, chemical tests, uses and adulterants of i) Pale and Black catechu ii) Nutgal iii) Arjuna iv) Myrobalan v) Bahera. 3 hours; 2-5 marks 8. Carotenoids: a) Definition, properties and classification of carotenoids. b) Source, chemical nature and uses of α and β-Carotenes, Lycopene, Xanthophyll. 2 hours; 2-5 marks 9. Marine Pharmacognosy: Novel medicinal agents from marine sources 2 hours;2-5marks 10. Natural allergens, photosensitizing agents and fungal toxins

2 hours; 2-5 marks

PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1) Study of Powder microscopy of the following crude drugs* Digitalis, Squill, Senna, Liquorice, Wild Cherry bark, Cinchona, Ipecac, Rauwolfia, Kurchi, Ephedra, Clove, Cinnamon. 2) Qualitative general and specific chemical tests for the following phytoconstituents* Alkaloids: Quinine, Atropine, Caffeine, Glycosides: Sennosides, Aloin, Flavonoids, Saponins and Cardiac glycosides Tannins: Tannic acid, Pale catechu and Black catechu. 3) Determination of proximate values * i) Moisture content ii) Ash values iii) Extractive values 4)

Quantitative microscopy** i) Determination of Stomatal number and Stomatal index ii) Determination of Starch grains dimensions and length of fibres using eye piece micrometer and camera lucida methods iii) Determination of percentage purity of crude drugs by using Lycopodium spore method

5)

Determination of total polyphenolic content by Folin-cu method**

6)

Demonstration experiments i) Soxhlet extraction ii) Extraction of essential oils by Clevenger’s apparatus

Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis 2. Quantitative Microscopy 3. Powder Microscopy 4. Minor experiment 5. Viva-Voce Total

10 marks 25 marks 15 marks 10 marks 10 marks 70 marks

PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Evans WC. 2002. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 15th ed. Elsevier Science Ltd, Philadelphia. 2. Kokate CK, Purohit AR, and Gokhale S.B., 2010. Pharmacognosy 45th ed. Nirali Prakashan, Pune. 3. Tyler V.E and Brady R., 1981. Text book of Pharmacognosy, 8 th ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. 4. Wallis T.E., 1985. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 5th ed. J.A., Churchill Limited, London. 5. Jean Bruneton, 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & Medicinal Plants, 2 nd ed. Lavoisier Publishing House, UK. 6. Pridham J.B and Swain T., 2012. Biosynthetic pathways in higher plants, 1 st ed. Academic Press, New Delhi. 7. Pulok Mukherjee, 2002. Quality control of herbal drugs, 1 st ed. Business horizons, New Delhi. 8. Biren Shah N and Seth A.K., 2010. Text Book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1st ed. A Division of Reed Elsevier India Private Ltd, New Delhi. 9. Ashutosh Kar, 2013. Essentials of Pharmacognosy, 1st ed. Ahuja Book House Pvt Ltd, Delhi. 10. Khadabadi S.S., Deore S.L and Bavskar B.A., 2010. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry: A Comprehensive approach, 1st ed. Pharma Med Press, Hyderabad. 11. Bhakuns and Rawat, 2005. Bioactive Marine Natural Products, 1 st ed. Anmaya Publishers, New Delhi. 12. Harborne J.B., 1998. Phytochemical methods, 3rd ed. Springer (India) Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. 13. lyengar M.A 2001. Study of Crude Drugs, 14th ed. Manipal Power Press, Manipal. 14. lyengar M.A and Nayak S.G.K., 2001. Anatomy of Crude Drugs, 8 th ed. Manipal Power Press, Manipal. 15. lyengar M.A 2001. Pharmacognosy of Powdered Crude Drugs, 6th ed. Manipal Power Press, Manipal. 16. Kokate C.K., 1994. Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th ed. Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi. 17. Khandelwal K.R., 2006. Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and Experiments, 16 th ed. Nirali Prakashan, Pune. 18. Wallis T.E., 2011. Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th ed. Pharma Med Press, Hyderabad. 19. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1998 & 1999, Vol I & Vol II. Government of India, Ministry of Health. A t Publication of RRL, Jammu and IDMA, Mumbai. 20. National and International Journals- Pharmacognosy Reviews, Pharmacognosy Magazine, Journal of Natural Products, Phytotherapy Research, Phytochemistry. LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED

1. Camera lucida 2. Eye piece micrometer 3. Stage micrometer 4. Microscope 5. Clavengers apparatus 6. Balance (Digital) 7. Muffle furnace 8. Hot air oven 9. Spectrophotometer 10. Soxhlet apparatus 11. Heating mantle 12. Vacuum pump

20 20 20 20 05 02 01 01 01 05 10 02

3.4 PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Stoichiometry: Unit processes, material and energy balances, units and their conversions, dimensional formulae, dimensionless equations. 2 hours; 2-3 marks 2. Heat transfer: Concept of heat flow by conducting through single wall, applications of Fourier’s law, forced and natural convections, surface co-efficients, study on single, multi heat exchangers and liquid-liquid heat interchangers, radiation, black body, Stefan-Boltzmann equation. 6 hours; 6-8 marks 3. Evaporation: Theory of evaporation. Evaporators – steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, vertical tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, falling film evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, multiple effect evaporator. 5 hours; 6-8 marks 4. Distillation: Raoult’s law, volatility, Rayleigh’s equation, Study on principles and equipments of simple, flash, fractional, azeotropic, extractive, vacuum, steam, and molecular distillation methods. 6 hours; 6-8 marks 5. Drying: Theory of drying, Classification and types of dryers – Principle, construction and working of tray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, drum dryer, vacuum dryer, freeze dryer, and spray dryer. 6 hours; 6-8 marks 6. Size reduction: Definition, objectives, factors affecting size reduction, laws governing energy and power requirement of a mill, stress strain relationship of deformation in solids. Types of mills, construction and working of ball mill, hammer mill, fluid energy mill, edge runner mill, end runner mill, and cutter mill. 6 hours; 6-8 marks 7. Size separation: Definition and objectives of size separation, standard sieves as per IP. Mechanical sieve shakers, sedimentation tanks, mechanical classifiers, cyclone separators, air separators, bag filter. 4 hours; 4-6 marks 8. Mixing: Theory of mixing, solid-solid, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid mixing. Equipments- cylindrical, V-cone, double cone, ribbon, sigma blade, planetary, zig-zag and barrel mixers. Mixing devices, -propellers, turbines, paddles, and baffles. Vortex formation and prevention. Homogenization and study on Silverson emulsifier, Rapisonic homogenizer and colloid mill. 7 hours; 8-10 marks 9. Material Handling Systems: Transportation of solids: Construction and working of belt conveyor, screw, chain, pneumatic, and bucket conveyors. Transportation of fluids: Pumps - positive displacement pumps, centrifugal pump, peristaltic pump. Cycloidal blower. 7 hours; 8-10 marks 10. Filtration and centrifugation: Study of Poiseuille’s equation, Kozeny-Carman equation, Darcy’s equation, filter aids and filter media. Construction and working of filter press, filter leaf, meta filter, drum filter, sintered glass filter, seitz filter, and

candle filter. Theory and principle of centrifugation, industrial centrifuges - basket, super, and conical disk centrifuges. 8 hours; 8-10 marks 11. Crystallization: Definition, characteristics, crystal forms, crystal habits, mechanism of crystallization, solubility curves, Mier’s super-saturation theory, construction and working of agitated batch crystallizer, Swenson-Walker crystallizer, Krystal crystallizer and vacuum crystallizer. Caking of crystals and its prevention. 6 hours; 6-8 marks 12. Humidification: Definition of humidity, humid heat, humid volume, study of psychrometric charts, wet bulb theory. Applications of humidity, control in various pharmaceutical departments like powders, capsules and tablets. 4 hours; 4-6 marks 13. Materials of construction: Applications and corrosion resistance properties of stainless steel, plastic and rubber, classification and mechanism of corrosion, factors, prevention and control. 4 hours; 4-6 marks 14. Ion exchange: Mechanisms, ion exchange resins, preparation and applications of ion exchange resins. Ion exchange equipment – Fixed bed ion exchange equipment, moving bed ion exchange equipment, fluidized bed ion exchange equipment. 4 hours; 4-6 marks

PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Drying of wet granules/calcium carbonate slurry and plotting drying rate curves.** Size reduction of granular material using ball mill and calculation of Rittinger's, Kick's and Bond’s coefficients.** Determination of particle size weight distribution of a sample using sieve shaker and derivation of various statistical parameters.* Study of the effect of materials related factors like concentration, viscosity, filter aids on the rate of filtration using calcium carbonate suspension.* Study of the effect of process related factors like surface area, thickness, pressure on the rate of filtration using calcium carbonate suspension.* Determination of the mixing index for the blending of calcium carbonate and talc (or salicylic acid and lactose)** Determination of leaching of ampoules and vials in of powdered glass test and water attack test.** Determination of mixing efficiency when the propeller blade is introduced in different positions during liquid-liquid mixing.** Measurement of homogenizing capacity of Silverson Emulsifier for mixing of immiscible liquids (liquid paraffin-water)** Preparation of crystals of potassium nitrate by shock cooling technique and study of its crystal habit.* Study of the effect of surface area, viscosity, concentration on the rate of evaporation* Study the influence of centrifugal effect in separating the oil phase of turpentine liniment.** Separation of turpentine oil from oil mixture by steam distillation process.* Determination of water vapour permeability across packing material* Determination of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of substances (starch or bentonite) at different humidities at room temperature.* Analysis of pharmaceutical packing materials: Corrugated box.*

Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis 2. Major experiment (indicated by **) 3. Minor experiment (indicated by *) 4. Viva voce Total

-10 Marks -30 Marks -20 Marks -10 Marks = 70 Marks

PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Badger WL, Banchero JT. Introduction to chemical engineering. Singapore:McGrawHill Book Company;1955. 2. Carter SJ. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy. 6th ed. New Delhi:CBS Publishers;2000. 3. Coulson JM, Richardson JF, Backhurst JR, Harker JH. Chemical engineering Vol 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New Delhi:Asian Book Pvt Ltd;1998. 4. Don WG, James O. Perry’s chemical engineer’s handbook. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Company;1984. 5. Gennaro AL. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy Vol I and II. 20 th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2000. 6. McCabe WL, Smith JC, Harriott P. Unit operations of chemical engineering. 5 th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Company;1993. 7. Paradkar A. Introduction to pharmaceutical engineering. 11th ed. Pune:Nirali Prakashan;2009. 8. Rawlins EA. Bentley’s textbook of pharmaceutics. 8th ed. New Delhi:Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd;2010. 9. Sambamurthy K. Pharmaceutical engineering. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers;1998. 10. Subrahmanyam CVS, Thimmasetty J, Sarasija S, Kusumdevi V. Pharmaceutical engineering Unit operations I and II. 2nd ed. Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan;2012.

LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Autoclave 2. Auomatic ball mill 3. Buchner filtration apparatus 4. Centrifuge 5. Desiccators 6. Double cone Blender 7. Permeability cups 8. Propeller type mechanical agitator 9. Refrigerator 10. Sieve Shaker with set of sieves 11. Silverson Homogeniser 12. Steam distillation still 13. Tray dryer 14. Vacuum Pump 15. Water bath

01 no. 01 no. 01 no. 01 no. 05 nos. 01 no. 05 nos. 05 nos. 01 no. 01 no. 03 nos. 01 no. 01 no. 01 no. 01 no.

3.5 PHARMACOLOGY (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. General Pharmacology : Introduction and definitions—Health, Drug, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Sources of drugs. Routes of istration of drugs. Absorption of drug and the factors affecting them. Drug distribution, metabolism and excretion. Mechanism of drug action—Drug-Receptor interactions and molecular & biochemical basis of drug action, additive effect, synergism, potentiation. Factors modifying drug effects; Patient related factors & Drug related factors. Classification and mechanism of action of ADR. Dose response relationship, structure activity relationship. Definitions, Basic concepts and mechanisms of Drug-Drug, Drug-Food interactions, classification of Drug-Drug interaction. 15 hours;15-19 marks 2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System : Introduction — Neurohumoral Transmission. Adrenergic Drugs ; Adrenergic transmission, adrenergic receptors and drugs affecting adrenergic transmission, Classification of drugs and mechanism of action, Pharmacology of adrenaline (a proto type adrenergic drug) and salient features of other adrenergic drugs. Adrenergic Blockers; Classification, pharmacology of phenoxybenzamine (a proto type Alpha blocker), pharmacology of propranolol (a proto type beta blocker), salient features of alpha & beta blockers. Adrenergic neuronal blockers & mechanism of action. Cholinergic Drugs: Cholinergic transmission, cholinergic receptors and drugs affecting cholinergic transmission, Classification of drugs and mechanism of action, Pharmacology of Acetylcholine (a proto type cholinergic drug). Salient features of other cholinergic drugs, including cholinesterase inhibitors and enzyme reactivators. Anti cholinergic Drugs; Pharmacology of atropine (a proto type anti cholinergic drug) and salient features of other anti cholinergic drugs; Ganglionic blockers and stimulants, Neuromuscular blocking agents and drugs used in myasthenia gravis. 19 hours;16-20 marks 3. Pharmacology of Drugs acting on Cardiovascular System: Anti- hypertensives agents: Classification and mechanism of action, Pharmacology of centrally acting drugs (Clonidine and methyldopa), Classification of vasodilators including calcium channel blockers, Pharmacology of drugs affecting Renin Angiotensin system. Anti - anginal drugs; Classification and pharmacology of anti -anginal drugs. Anti-arrhythmic drugs; Classification and mechanism of action, Pharmacology of quinidine (A proto type sodium channel blocker), Salient features of other anti-arrhythmic drugs, Drugs used for therapy of congestive cardiac failure (CCF); Classification and mechanism of action of drugs used for CCF, pharmacology of digoxin, Salient features of other drugs used in CCF. Drugs used in treatment of hyperlipidaemias; Classification and mechanism of action of anti- hyperlipidaemics, Pharmacology of atorvastatin (A proto type of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor), Salient features of other anti- hyperlipidaemic agents. 14 hours; 12-14 marks 4. Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Renal System (Diuretics) and antidiuretics; Classification and mechanism of action of diuretics, Pharmacology of furosemide, Salient features of other diuretics, Pharmacology of anti-diuretics, Uses and adverse effects of Urine acidifiers and alkalinizers. 3 hours;5-7 marks 5. Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Blood and Blood forming Agents: Classification and mechanism of action & salient features of coagulants and anti-coagulants, haemopoietics, thrombolytics and antiplatelet agents. 4 hours;5-7 marks

6. Pharmacology of Autocoids & their antagonists: Histamine and antihistaminics, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and its antagonists, Lipid derived autocoids and platelet activating factor. 4 hours;5-7 marks 7. Pharmacology of Drug Acting on Respiratory Tract: Drugs used in asthma and COPD, mucolytics, expectorants, antitussives, nasal decongestants. 3 hours;2-4 marks 8. Pharmacology of Hormones and Hormones Antagonists: Thyroid and antithyroid drugs: Classification, mechanism of action and salient features of thyroid and antithyroid drugs, Anti-diabetic drugs, Insulin, Insulin preparations, Oral hypoglycemic agents: Classification, mechanism of action, salient features of oral anti-diabetics including newer agents, Pharmacology of corticosteroids, Pharmacology of sex hormones and oral contraceptives, Pharmacology of oxytocin, other uterine stimulants and relaxants. 13 hours;10-12 marks

PHARMACOLOGY (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Regulatory perspectives of animal experiments with special reference to CSEA guidelines. 2. Study of laboratory animals and their handling. 3. Study of physiological salt solutions used in experimental pharmacology. 4. Study of laboratory appliances used in experimental pharmacology. 5. Study of use of anesthetics in lab animals. * 6. Study of techniques of euthanasia in lab animals.* 7. To study the routes of istration of drugs.* 8. To study the absorption of glucose/drugs using everted gut sac from rat/chick.* 9. To study the in vitro protein binding and displacement of bound drug using egg albumin.* 10. To record the dose response curve of histamine using isolated guinea pig/chick/rat ileum preparation.* 11. Study of agonistic effects of histaminergic drugs using isolated guinea pig /chick/rat ileum preparation. ** 12. Study of antihistaminic drugs using isolated guinea pig /chick/rat ileum preparation. ** 13. To record the dose response curve of acetylcholine using isolated guinea pig/chick/rat ileum preparation.* 14. Study of potentiating effects of cholinergic drugs using isolated guinea pig /chick/rat ileum preparation. ** 15. Study of anticholinergic drugs using isolated guinea pig /chick/rat ileum preparation. ** 16. Simulated experiments on effects of drugs on isolated heart of frog.* 17. Simulated experiments on effects of drugs on hypodynamic heart of frog.* 18. Simulated experiments on effects on B.P, HR and RR of dog.* 19. Simulated experiments on effects of mydriatic and miotic drugs on rabbit's eye. * 20. Simulated experiments on effects of local anaesthetic drugs on rabbit's eye. * 21. Simulated experiments on effects of drugs on ciliary motility of frog's esophagus. * Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Identification Synopsis Major Experiment Minor Experiment Viva Total

-

10 Marks 10 Marks 25 Marks 15 Marks 10 Marks

=

70 Marks

PHARMACOLOGY TEXT BOOKS 1. Tripathi KD, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Jaypee Brothers, 2010. 2. Satoskar R.S., Bhandarkar S.D. and Rege N.N., Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 21st Edition, Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd, 2010. 3. Chaudhary S.K., Quintessence of Medical Pharmacology, 3rd Revised Edition, Central Book Agency Pvt. Ltd., 2010. 4. Sharma H.L. and Sharma K.K., 2nd Edition, Principles of Pharmacology, Paras Medical, 2011. 5. Ghosh M.N., Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 5th Edition, Hilton & Company, 2011. 6. Kulkarni S.K., Hand book of Experimental Pharmacology, 3 rd Edition, Vallabh Prakashan, 2005. 7. Medhi B. and Prakash A., Practical manual of experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1st Edition, Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers, 2010. PHARMACOLOGY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Brunton L.L., Chanbner B.A., and Knollmann B.C., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2010. 2. Katzung B.G., Masters S.B. and Trevor A.J., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 12th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2011. 3. Rang H.P., M.M. Dale, J.M. Ritter., Flower R.J. and Henderson G., Pharmacology, 7th illustrated Edition, Elsevier Science Health Science Division, 2011. 4. Craig C.R. and Stitzel R.E., Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications, 6 th Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003. 5. Harvey R.A., Clark M.A., Finkel R, Jose A.R. and Whalen K, 5 th Edition, Lipponcott’s Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2011. 6. Barar F.S.K., Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, 6 th Revised Edition, S.Chand & Co. Ltd, 2011. 7. DiPiro J, Talbert R.L., Yee G., Matzke G., Wells B. and Posey L.M., Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2011. LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

(For a batch of 20 students)

1. Pharmacology appliances 2. Sherrington’s Kymograph Machine 3. Sherrington’s Drum 4. Perspex bath assembly (single unit) 5. Aerators 6. Dissection trays 7. Dissection boards 8. Haemostatic arterial forceps 9. Hypodermic syringes and needles of size 18, 24, 26G 10. Computers 11. LCD Projector 12. Software package for experiments 13. Standard graphs for various drugs 14. Levers 15. Cannulae

Sufficient 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 10 01 01 Sufficient 20 20

3.6 PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT (THEORY) 50 hours; 2 hours/week 1. Marketing: a) The meaning and scope of marketing. b) The pharmaceutical marketquantitative and qualitative aspects, size and composition of the market, demographic descriptions and socio-psychological characteristics of the consumer, market segmentation. c) Analyzing the market- role of market research. d) Consumer profile- Motivation and prescribing habits of the physician, patients' choice of physician and retail pharmacist. 11 hours; 15-20 marks 2. The Organization: Manufacturer- company objectives, influence of internal controls such as company policy on the company's operation, effects of government regulations and controls on marketing practices. 2 hours; 2-5 marks 3. The Pharmaceutical Product: a) Market consideration in product development, marketing mix, product life cycle(PLC), effects of different elements of marketing mix at different stages of PLC, product classification, product planning, product differentiation, metoo products, modification of existing product. b) New product development- all stages from the new product idea to the stage of marketing in developed product (Bulk drugs and formulations). c) Branding- concept of brand, different types of brand, importance and reasons for branding, packaging. 6 hours; 10-15 marks 4. Competitive Practices in the Pharmaceutical Industries: a) Price competition-Pricing, objectives, basis and strategies. Rate contracts. b) Non-price competition: all types of nonprice competition with special emphasis on competition through research and development, competition through quality. 3 hours; 5-7 marks 5. Promotions: a) Communication and its importance b) Different ways of promotionAdvertising, direct mail, professionals, journals, sampling, retailing, medical exhibition, public relations, Online Promotional Techniques for OTC Products. c) Professional sales representative- duties of PSR, purpose of detailing, selection and training, compensation and future prospects of the PSR. 5 hours; 8-10 marks 6. Distribution: a) The wholesale- his role in distribution of pharmaceutical services offered to the manufacturer and the retailer, advantages and disadvantages of distribution through wholesaler. b) The retailer- Classification of retail institution, advantages and disadvantages of retail institution, the hospital as retail outlet. 4 hours; 5-7 marks 7. Management: a) Concepts of management, Nature of management, principles of management. b) Primary functions of management- planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling, motivation, and entrepreneurship development. c) Secondary functions of management: Decision- making, Leadership, innovation, delegation of authority/ responsibility. 12 hours; 15-20 marks 8. Current Health Scenario in India

1 hour; 2 marks

9. Importance of Entrepreneurship

2 hours; 2-5 marks

10. Quality Management: Introduction to Statistical Methods, Statistical Quality Control Tools, Statistical Tools for Decision Making, Total Quality Management/Kaizen: Six Sigma, Quality Circle and M (Critical Path Method) 4 hours; 5-10 marks

PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Ashwathappa K. Production management. Mumbai:Himalaya Publishing House;2010. 2. Chary SN. Production and operation management. 2nd ed. Delhi:Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co;2009. 3. Ghosh SK. Introduction to ISO 9000 & total quality management. Calcutta:Oxford Publishing House. 4. Harold TA, John AR, Oliver S. Manufacturing organization and management. 4 th ed. New Delhi:Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd. 5. Heinz W, Harold K, Management: A global perspective. 10 th ed. McGraw Hill International Edition;2007. 6. Mehra ML. GMP. 1st ed. Allahabad:University Book Agency. 7. Mickey CS. Pharmaceutical marketing in the 21st century. New Delhi;Viva Books Pvt Ltd;2001. 8. Mickey CS. Principles of pharmaceutical marketing. 3rd ed. New Delhi;CRS Publishers and Distributors;2004. 9. Patani A. Drug & Cosmetics Act 1940. Lucknow:Eastern Book Co. 10. Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals, Compendium of guidelines and related materials, vol. I, WHO Publications, Geneva. 11. Subbarao. Pharmaceutical marketing in India. Hyderabad;Asian Institute of Pharmaceutical Marketing;1998. 12. Tripati PC, Reddy PN. Principles of management. 3 rd ed. New Delhi:Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co Ltd;2006. 13. Varma MM, Agarwal RK. Production management. Delhi:King Books Educational Publishers. 14. WHO Experts Committee on “Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparation” 13th, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 34th Reports. Websites 1. www.ich.org 2. www.ifpma.org/ich 5 3. www.fda.gov 4. www.health.gov.au/tga/ 5. www.mca.gov.uk

4.1 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Preformulation: a. Study of physicochemical characteristics of drug substances. Application of preformulation considerations in the development of solid, liquid oral and parenteral dosage forms. 6 hours;6-8marks Tablets: b. Classification of tablets. Processing of tablets: Formulation, granulation methods, compression and processing problems. Equipment’s and tablet tooling. 5 hours; 5-7 marks c. Tablet coating: Types of coating, coating materials, formulation of coating materials, method of coating, equipment employed and defects in coating. 4 hours; 4-6 marks d. In process quality control, evaluation of tablets and packaging. 2 hours;2-5marks 2. Capsules: a) Hard gelatin capsules: Extraction of gelatin and production of hard gelatin capsule shells. Filling, finishing and special techniques of formulation of hard gelatin capsules. Quality control tests for capsules. 5 hours; 5-7 marks b) Soft gelatin capsules: Nature of shell and capsule content, importance of base adsorption and minimum/gram factors, production, in process and final product quality control tests. 3 hours; 3-5 marks 3. Parenteral Preparations: Definition, types, advantages and limitations, general formulation, vehicles, production procedure, production facilities and controls. Formulation of injections, sterile powders, emulsions and suspensions. Containers and closures pertinent to sterile preparations and quality control tests. 14 hours;15-20 marks 4. Ophthalmic formulations: Requirements, formulation of eye drops, eye lotion and eye ointments, containers and evaluation. 5 hours; 5-7 marks 5. Liquid orals: Formulation and manufacturing considerations. Filling and packaging methods. 5 hours; 5-7 marks 6. Pharmaceutical aerosols: Definition, propellants, containers, valves, types of aerosol systems, manufacture of aerosols. Evaluation of aerosols: Quality control and stability studies. 6 hours; 5-10 marks 7. Cosmetics: Formulation and preparation of the following cosmetic preparations. Lipsticks, Shampoos, Face and Talcum powders, Nail lacquers, cold cream and vanishing cream, tooth pastes, and hair dyes and sunscreens. 10 hours; 10-15 marks 8. A) Biopharmaceutics: a. Definition and applications, Absorption of drugs through GIT: Mechanisms and factors affecting. b. Bioavailability and Bioequivalence. Measurement of Bioavailability (Cmax, Tmax, AUC). B) Pharmacokinetics-Basic concepts: Blood level curves for I.V, Constant rate infusion, Oral, I.M, and Sustained release dosage forms. 11 hours; 10-15 marks

PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIO PHARMACEUTICS (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Manufacture of tablets. ** a) Tablets prepared by wet granulation. b) Tablets prepared by direct compression. c) Mouth dissolving tablet. d) Chewable tablet. 2. Manufacture of sterile products. ** a) Ampoules of ascorbic acid injection IP b) Ampoules of calcium gluconate injection IP c) Sodium chloride intravenous infusion IP d) Vials of oxytetracycline injection IP e) Eye drops 3. Evaluation of pharmaceutical formulations. (Q.C. tests)* a) Tablets. b) Capsules. c) Sterile products. 4. Formulation of two liquid oral preparations* and evaluation by assay**. a) Preparation and evaluation of paracetamol syrup. b) Preparation and evaluation of magnesium hydroxide mixture BP. 5. Cosmetic preparations.* a) Lipsticks b) Cold cream and vanishing cream c) Clear liquid shampoo d) Tooth paste and tooth powders e) Sunscreens 6. Tablet coating. (demonstration) 7. Demonstration of microencapsulation technique/ matrix tablets/ transdermal patches. Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis

-10 Marks

2. Major experiment (indicated by **)

-30 Marks

3. Minor experiment (indicated by *)

-20 Marks

4. Viva voce

-10 Marks Total

= 70 Marks

PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIO PHARMACEUTICS REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Aulton ME. Pharmaceutics, The science of dosage form design. 2nd ed. Edinburgh:Churchill Livingstone;2002. 2. Banker GS, Rhodes CT. Modern pharmaceutics. 4th ed. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 2005. 3. Carter SJ. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy. 6th ed. New Delhi:CBS Publishers;2000. 4. Gennaro AL. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy, Vol I and II. 20 th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2000. 5. Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy. 3rd ed. Bombay: Varghese Publishing House; 1987. 6. Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kenneth EA. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: Parenteral medications Vol I,II and III. New York:Marcel Dekker Inc;1992. 7. Lachman L, Lieberman HA. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: Tablets Vol I,II and III. New York:Marcel Dekker Inc;1980. 8. Loyd VA, Nicholas GP, Howard CA. Ansel’s pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. 8th ed. Noida: BI Publications Pvt Ltd;2005. 9. Pharmacopoeias: I.P., B.P., U.S.P. 10. Rawlins EA. Bentley’s textbook of pharmaceutics. 8th ed. New Delhi:Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd;2010. 11. Shargel L, Andrew BC, Susanna WP. Applied biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics. 5th ed. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies Inc;2005. 12. Sharma PP. Cosmetics – Formulation, manufacturing and quality control. 2 nd ed. Delhi: Vandana Publications; 2001. 13. Subrahmanyam CVS, Thimmasetty J, Vijayendraswamy SM, Shivanand K. Laboratory manual of industrial pharmacy. Delhi:Vallabh Prakashan;2009. 14. Venkateswarlu V. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics. Hyderabad:Pharma Book Syndicate;2004. 15. Wilkinson JB, Moore RJ. Harry’s cosmeticology. 7th ed. London:Longman Scientific & Technical;1989.

LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Ampoule filling sealing machine Ampoule washing machine Capsule filling machine Clarity test apparatus Digital thermometers Friability test apparatus Lipstick moulds

01 no. 01 no. 01 no. 02 nos. 02 nos. 02 nos. 10 nos.

8. Magnetic stirrers, 500 ml and 1 liter capacity 9. Mechanical stirrers 10. Monsanto’s hardness testers 11. Ointment crimping machine 12. Ointment filling machine 13. Pfizer type hardness testers 14. Standard granulating sieves 15. Tablet coating pan 16. Tablet disintegration test apparatus IP 17. Tablet dissolution test apparatus 18. Tablet punching machine 19. Tray dryer 20. Vial crimping machine

05 nos. 03 nos. 02 nos. 01 no. 01 no. 02 nos. 2 sets 01 no. 01 no. 01 no. 01 no. 01 no. 01 no.

4.2 INSTRUMENTAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week The subject to be discussed with special reference to quality control and assurance of pharmaceuticals, its scope and its importance in the pharmaceutical industry. The following analytical techniques should be discussed with suitable examples. 1. Spectroscopy Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic spectra, Quantization of energy, criteria for absorption of EMR, wavelength, frequency, wave number, Chromophores, Auxochromes, Bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift, Hyperchromic and hypochromic effects. Theory of electronic, atomic and molecular spectra, Beer and Lambert's law, Derivation and Deviations, Effect of solvent and pH on absorption spectra, Application of Beer's law to single component analysis and multicomponent systems. 6 hours; 8-9 marks Absorption Spectroscopy: UV/Visible spectroscopy, Instrumentation and working; Sources of radiation, Wavelength selectors; Filters-Prisms and Gratings, Sample cells, DetectorsPhototube, Photomultiplier tube, Barrier layer cell and Silicon photo diode. Measurement of equilibrium constant and rate constant by spectroscopy, spectrophotometric titrations 7 hours;9-10 marks IR Spectroscopy: Theory, Hook’s law, vibration modes of in molecule, Instrumentation, Working and Sample handling methods, Sources of radiation, Monochromators, Sample cells and detectors- Bolometers, Thermocouples, Golay cells. IR Frequency - structure correlation, study of characteristic fundamental stretching vibrations of functional groups like Alcohol, Carboxyl, Amide, Amine, Aldehyde, and Ketone 6 hours;8-9 marks 2. Fluorimetric analysis: Theory, concept of singlet and triplet electronic states, Internal and external conversions, intersystem crossing, factors affecting fluorescence, Quenching. Instrumentation- Fluorimeter, Spectrofluorimeter and Applications Estimation of vitamin B 12 by fluorimetry 4 hours;5-6 marks 3. Flame emission and atomic absorption spectrometry: Theory, Nebulization, flames and flame temperatures, interferences, Hallow cathode lamp, flame spectrometric techniques, applications. 4 hours;5-6 marks 4. Nephelometry and Turbidimetric Analysis: Theory, General principles, Instrumentation and applications. 2 hours;3-4 marks 5. Chromatography: Introduction and classification 2 hours;3-4 marks A) Paper Chromatography: Introduction, Principle, Technique, Development, methods and applications. 2 hours;3-4 marks B) Thin layer chromatography: Introduction, principle, technique, Rf, RX and Rm values and applications. 2 hours;3-4 marks C) Column chromatography: Adsorption column chromatography, development Techniques – Frontalanalysis, Displacement analysis and elution analysis. Factors affecting column efficiency, Applications, Partition Chromatography 3 hours;4-5 marks D) HPTLC: Basic concept, difference between TLC and HPTLC 2 hours;3-4 marks

E) Ion exchange chromatography: Ion exchange materials, synthetic ion exchange resins, Properties of ion exchangers, mechanism of ion exchange process, factors affecting ion exchange, applications. 3 hours;4-5 marks F) HPLC: Introduction, theory, instrumentation –Solvent treatment systems, PumpsReciprocating and displacement pumps, Columns, Guard column, Detectors- UV detectors, Flourimetric detectors, Refractive index detectors and applications. 4 hours;5-6 marks G) Size exclusion chromatography: Theory, gels and applications 2 hours;3-4 marks H) Gas chromatography: Introduction, theory, instrumentation-carrier gas, types of columns, Stationary phases in gas liquid chromatography and gas solid chromatography, DetectorsFlame ionization detector, electron capture detector, thermal conductivity detector. Gas chromatogram, Derivatisation techniques like silylation, and esterification. Programmed temperature gas chromatography, Applications. 5 hours;6-7 marks I) Electrophoresis: Principles of separation, Factors affecting separation, equipment for paper and gel electrophoresis, Moving boundary electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, Applications . 3 hours;4-5 marks 6. Electrometric methods: A) Potentiometry: Electrochemical cell, construction and working of reference electrode, Normal hydrogen electrode, calomel electrode, silver-silver chloride electrode, Indicator electrodes- Glass electrode, Antimony electrode, Quinhydrone electrode, Potentiometric titrations, methods of detecting end point, applications. 6 hours;8-9 marks B) Conductometry: Introduction, conductivity cell, cell constant, conductometric titrations, Applications 2 hours;3-4 marks 7. NMR: Theory and instrumentation of H1NMR, applications.

2 hours;3-4 marks

8. Mass Spectroscopy: Basic concept mass spectroscopy, applications. 2hours;3-4marks 9. X-ray Diffraction: Theory of X-ray diffraction, applications.

2 hours;3-4 marks

10. Quality assurance: Introduction, Sources of quality variation, control of quality variation, Validation methods. 4 hours;5-6 marks

INSTRUMENTAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week Note: At least 18-19 experiments to be covered from the following list 1. Calibration of UV-Visible spectrophotometer 2. Determination of absorption maxima for a given solution of the drug* 3. Determination of isobestic point* 4. Separation and identification of amino acids by paper chromatography* 5. Separation and identification of alkaloids by thin layer chromatography* 6. Separation and Identification of Dyes by radial paper chromatography* 7. U.V. Spectrometric determination of Ibuprofen tablets* 8. U.V. Spectrometric determination of Paracetamol tablets* 9. Colorimetric estimation of Ferrous ions using 1, 10 Phenanthroline** 10. Colorimetric estimation of Sulphanilamide using N-1-Napthyl Ethylene Diaminedihydrochloride** 11. Colorimetric estimation of salicylic acid** 12. Assay of Dextrose injection by colorimetry** 13. Estimation of quinine sulphate by fluorimetry** 14. Estimation of Riboflavine by fluorimetry** 15. Quenching of Quinine fluorescence by iodide ions* 16. Conductometric titration of Benzoic acid with NaOH** 17. Potentiometric titration of HCl with NaOH** 18. Determination of chloride and sulphate in calcium gluconate by Nepheloturbidimetric analysis** 19. Infrared spectral peaks identification of samples with different functional groups such as -COOH, -COOR, CONHR, -NH2, -NHR, -OH,-CHO,-C=O* 20. Determination of Sodium / Potassium by flame photometry** Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis 2. Major experiment (Experiment indicated by**) 3. Minor experiment (Experiment indicated by*) 4. Viva voce Total 8

10 Marks 30 Marks 20 Marks 10 Marks 70 Marks

INSTRUMENTAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS REFERENCE BOOKS (THEORY) Latest editions and all volumes of 1. Hobarth Willard, Lynne L. Merritt, John A. Dean & Frank A. Settle Jr, Instrumental methods of analysis, 6 edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi 2. Skoog and West, Pharmaceutical Analysis 3. Kennith A. Connors, A Text book of Pharmaceutical analysis, 3 Edition, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork (1982) 4. Instrumental approach to chemical analysis – AK Srivatsava, PC Jain, S Chand publishers 5. A.I. Vogel, Text book of Quantitative chemical analysis, ELBS/ Longman, London 6. Stahl.E , Thin layer chromatography-A Hand book, Springer verlag, Berlin 7. Leon Lachman, Lieberman, and J.L.Kanig, Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy 8. Y.R Sharma, Organic spectroscopy INSTRUMENTAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS REFERENCE BOOKS (PRACTICALS) Latest editions and all volumes of 1. Garratt. D.C. Quantitative analysis of drugs, 3 edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.(2001). 2. Melean. C.E., Kiser.R.W., Problems and experiments in instrumental analysis. 3. Beckett A.H., Stenlake J.B, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 4 edition, The Athlone Press, London. 4. KennithA.Connors, A Text book of Pharmaceutical analysis, 3 edition , John Wiley & Sons, NewYork (1982),. 5. Hobarth Willard, Lynne L. Merritt, John A. Dean , Frank A. Settle Jr,, Instrumental methods of analysis, 6 edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi. 6. Indian Pharmacopoeia, Vol I & II , , Ministry of Health & Family welfare, Govt. of India, Published by Controller of the Publications, New Delhi, 1996. 7. United States Pharmacopoeia. 8. British Pharmacopoeia. 9. Alfonso R. Gennaro, Remington’s: The Science & Practice of Pharmacy, Vol I & II – Lippincotts Wiliams & Wilkins. 10. Higuchi T & Hanssen E.B., Text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, A Wiley Inter science Publications. 11. William Kemp, Spectroscopy methods, ELBS. 12. John R. Dyer, Applications of Absorption spectroscopy of organic compounds, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 13. R. M. Silverstein, G. Clayton, Terence C. Morill, Spectrometric identification of organic compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 87

LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED Equipments 1. Colorimeter 2. UV Spectrophotometer 3. Fourier Transform Infra Red spectrometer 4. Fluorimeter 5. Nephelo turbidity meter 6. Flame photometer 7. Potentiometer 8. Conductivity meter 9. Analytical weighing Balance (1 mg sensitivity) 10. Oven Apparatus 1. Volumetric flask 10 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml and 100ml 2. Weighing bottle 3. Pipette – Graduated 10 ml 4. Pipette – Bulb 1ml, 2ml, 5ml and 10 ml 5. Beaker – 100 ml, 250 ml and 500 ml 6. Separating funnel 7. TLC plate 8. Chromatographic paper 9. TLC and Paper chromatography – Development chamber 10. Water bath

01 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 01 01

4.3 PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Bio Assays: Scope, General Principles and Methods 2 hours;5-10 marks 2. Drug discovery and development: a. Preclinical evaluation ( Regulatory Toxicity Studies) b. Clinical evaluation including pharmacovigilance 3 hours;4-5 marks 3. Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System : General consideration (Introduction), Alcohol, General anesthetics, Sedatives and hypnotics, Anti-Epileptics, Psychopharmacological agents, Classification and mechanism of action of drugs used in psychosis, Pharmacology of Chlorpromazine (a prototype drug), Salient features of Antipsychotics including atypical Antipsychotics. Drugs used in Parkinsonism and Alzheimer’s disease. Antidepressants: Classification and mechanism of action of drugs used in Depression, Pharmacology of imipramine (a prototype TCA), Salient features of other Antidepressants, including SSRIs and atypical antidepressants, Pharmacology of Lithium and other agents used in bipolar disorder. Anxiolytics, Drug dependence and drug abuse 19 hours;17-20 marks 4. Analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents : Pain pathway, classification and mechanism of action of centrally acting analgesics, Pharmacology of Morphine (a prototype Opioid), Salient features of other opioids including antagonists, Classification and mechanism of action of NSAIDs, Pharmacology of Aspirin (a prototype NSAID), Salient features of other NSAIDs including COX-2 inhibitors 8 hours; 9-10 marks 5. Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Gastro Intestinal Tract: Antiulcer drugs, Antacids, Laxatives and Purgatives, Emetics and Antiemetics, Appetizers, Digestants, Carminatives 4 hours; 8-10 marks 6. Chemotherapy: Introduction and principles of chemotherapy including general mechanisms of antimicrobials, mechanism of resistance, super infections, antimicrobial combinations. Classification, mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, resistance development, adverse drug reactions and therapeutic use of the following: 1. Sulfonamides and Co-trimoxazole, 2. Penicillins and Cephalosporins, 3. Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol, 4. Macrolides, 5. Aminoglycosides, 6. Polyene & Polypeptide antibiotics, 7. Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones, 8 Lincosamides, Glycopeptides, urinary antiseptics, 9. Antifungal agents, 10. Antiviral agents including anti-HIV, 11. Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis and Leprosy, 12. Chemotherapy of Malaria, 13. Chemotherapy of Protozoal infections (amoebiasis, Giardiasis), 14. Pharmacology of Anthelmintic drugs, 15. Chemotherapy of Cancer 31 hours; 17-20 marks 7. Immunopharmacology Pharmacology of immunosuppressants and stimulants 2 hours; 4-5 marks 8. Principles of Toxicology: General principles of treatment of acute toxicity and acute poisoning Signs, Symptoms and treatment of acute and chronic poisoning due to i) Barbiturates ii) Alcohols iii) Benzodiazapines iv) Antidepressants, v) Neuroleptics vi) Insecticides vii) Snake bite viii) Heavy metals (iron, lead, mercury, arsenic). 4 hours; 4-5 marks 9. Pharmacology of Local anesthetics

2 hours; 2-5 marks

PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. To record the dose response curve of Histamine using isolated chick/rat/guinea pig ileum preparation.** 2. To carry out bioassay of Histamine using isolated chick/rat/guinea pig ileum preparation by matching method.** 3. To carry out bioassay of Histamine using isolated chick/rat/guinea pig ileum preparation by interpolation method.** 4. To carry out bioassay of Histamine using isolated chick/rat/guinea pig ileum preparation by three point method.** 5. To record the dose response curve of Acetylcholine using isolated ileum preparation.** 6. To carry out bioassay of Ach using isolated chick/rat/guinea pig ileum preparation by interpolation method.** 7. To carry out bioassay of Acetylcholine using isolated ileum preparation by matching method.** 8. To carry out bioassay of Acetylcholine using isolated ileum preparation by three-point method.** 9. To carry out MAO inhibitory activity using chick/rat liver homogenate.* 10. To carry out amylase/α-glucosidase inhibitory activity using in vitro technique.* 11. Study of principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for analgesic property of drug using analgesiometer* 12. Study of principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for Anti inflammatory effect of drugs using rat-paw edema method.* 13. Study of principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for Anti convulsant activity of drugs using MES method.* 14. Study of principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for Anti convulsant activity of drugs using pentylenetetrazole method.* 15. Study of principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for antidepressant activity of drugs using pole climbing apparatus.* 16. Study of principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for hypnotic and sedative property using Pentobarbitone induced sleeping time method.* 17. Study of principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for locomotor activity evaluation of drugs using Actophotometer.* 18. Study of principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for evaluation of muscle grip strength/relaxant effect of drugs using rotarod.* 19. Study of principle, procedure involved and evaluation of anthelmintic activity of drugs using earthworm as a model.* Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Identification 2. Synopsis 3. Major Experiment 4. Minor Experiment 5. Viva Total

-

10 Marks 10 Marks 25 Marks 15 Marks 10 Marks 70 Marks

PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY TEXT BOOKS 1. Tripathi KD, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 7th Edition, Jaypee Brothers, 2010. 2. Satoskar R.S., Bhandarkar S.D. and Rege N.N., Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 21st Edition, Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd, 2010. 3. Chaudhary S.K., Quintessence of Medical Pharmacology, 3rd Revised Edition, Central Book Agency Pvt. Ltd., 2010. 4. Sharma H.L. and Sharma K.K., 2nd Edition, Principles of Pharmacology, Paras Medical, 2011. 5. Ghosh M.N., Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 5th Edition, Hilton & Company, 2011. 6. Kulkarni S.K., Hand book of Experimental Pharmacology, 3rd Edition ,Vallabh Prakashan, 2005. 7. Medhi B. and Prakash A., Practical manual of experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1 st Edition, Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers, 2010. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Brunton L.L., Chanbner B.A., and Knollmann B.C., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2010. 2. Katzung B.G., Masters S.B. and Trevor A.J., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 12th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2011. 3. Rang H.P., M.M. Dale, J.M. Ritter., Flower R.J. and Henderson G., Pharmacology, 7th illustrated Edition, Elsevier Science Health Science Division, 2011. 4. Craig C.R. and Stitzel R.E., Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications, 6 th Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003. 5. Harvey R.A., Clark M.A., Finkel R, Jose A.R. and Whalen K, 5 th Edition, Lipponcott’s Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2011. 6. Barar F.S.K., Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, 6 th Revised Edition, S.Chand & Co. Ltd, 2011. 7. DiPiro J, Talbert R.L., Yee G., Matzke G., Wells B. and Posey L.M., Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2011. LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENT REQUIRED 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Pharmacology appliances Sherrington’s Kymograph Machine Sherrington’s Drum Perspex bath assembly (single unit) Aerators Dissection trays Dissection boards

(For a batch of 20 students) Sufficient 20 20 20 20 20 20

8. Haemostatic arterial forceps 9. Hypodermic syringes and needles of size 18, 24, 26G 10. Computers 11. LCD Projector 12. Software package for experiments 13. Standard graphs for various drugs 14. Levers 15. Cannulae 16. Analgesiometer (Radiant heat) 17. Eddy’s Hot Plate 18. Plethysmometer 19. Electro-Convulsiometer 20. Pole climbing apparatus 21. Actophotometer 22. Rotarod apparatus (03 / 05 compartments)

20 20 10 01 01 Sufficient 20 20 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

4.4 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY II (THEORY) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week A. Introduction to QSAR: Study of hydrophobic, Electronic & Steric parameters 2 hours;3-4 marks B. Prodrugs: Definition and examples 1 hour;1-2 marks C. Introduction to drug discovery- Definition of lead molecule and its identification methods viz, high throughput screening, wholesale screening, and fragment based lead generation, fast followers 2 hours;3-4 marks D. History and development of chemotherapeutic agents: Structure, uses and synthesis of only those compounds that are underlined and superscripted by’s’. 1. Antifungal agents: a) Antifungal antibiotics- Nystatin, Griseofulvin, Ampoterecin-B, Synthetic anti fungal agents: b) Substituted imidazoles: Clotrimazole, Miconazoles, Ketoconazole, oxyconazole, Intraconazole. c) Miscellaneous–Zinc propionate, Sodium caprylate, Tolnaftates. 4 hours;5-6 marks 2. Urinary tract anti-infectives: a) Quinalones: Nalidixic acid, Cinoxacin, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacins, Pefloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin b) Miscellaneous: Nitrofurantoins . 3 hours;4-5 marks 3. Antitubercular drugs: a) Synthetic antitubercular agents: p-Aminosalysilicacid , Isoniazid , Ethambutol , Pyrazinamide, Ethionamide, Clofazamine,Bedaquiline b) Antitubercular Antibiotics: Cycloserine, Viomycin sulfate, Capreomycin sulfate, Rifampicin. c) Combination therapy for TB 4 hours;5-6 marks 4. Antiviral Agents a) Amantidine hydrochloride, Iodoxuridine, Acyclovir, Zidovidine. b) Anti-AIDS: Aza thymidine, Suramin 2 hours;3-4 marks s 5. Antiprotozoal agents: Emetine hydrochloride, Metronidazole , tinodazole, arnidazole, secnidazole, Diloxanide furoate, 8-hydroxy quinoline derivatives (clioquinal, iodoquinal) Carbarsone 2 hours;3-4 marks 6. Anthelmintics: Piperazine, Diethyl carbamazine, Pyrantelpamoate, Thiabendazoles Albendazoles, Mebendazole 2 hours;3-4 marks E. Sulfonamides, Sulfones as antibacterial agents : 1. SAR and mode of Sulfonamides. 2. Classification of sulfonamides based on duration of action and site of action with examples. Sulfamethiazole, Sulfisoxazoles, Sulfapyridine, Sulfamethoxazoles , Sulfadiazine, Sulfacetamide, sulfasalazine, Phthalyl sulfathiazole. 3. Folatereductase inhibitors: Trimethoprim, Synergistic action of the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprims. 4. Sulfone: Dapsones 4 hours;5-6 marks F. Antimalarials: Etiology of malaria, History, Mechanism and SAR 1. Quinolines and analogues: 7-chloro-4-amino quinolines :Chloroquine phosphates , HydroxyChloroquinesulphate, Amodiaquine, 8-amino quinolines: Pamaquine, Primaquine ,

9-amino acridines: Quinacrine. 2. Artimicin and its derivatives: Artiether, Artimether, Artisunate 3. Biguanides and Dihydrothiazines: Chloroguanide, Cycloguanil. 4. Miscellaneous: Mefloquine, Pyrimethamine , Trimethoprim. 6 hours;8-9 marks G. Antibiotics: Classification and Mechanism of action 1. Beta lactam antibiotics: Pencillins – structures, chemical degradation, bacterial resistance. Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Cloxacillin sodium, Naficillin sodium, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin. 2. Cephalosporins: Structure and uses of Cephalexin, Cephradine, Cefadroxil, Cefixime, Cefapyridine, Cefutroxime94 3. Monolactams: Sulfazecin, Aztreonam, Tigmonam. 4. Beta lactamase inhibitors: Clavulanic acid and its salts, Thienamycin. 5. Aminoglycosides: Structural features and Mechanism of action, Streptomycin, Amikacin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamycin, Netilmycin 6. Tetracyclines: Chemistry and SAR, tetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Methacycline, Demeclocycline, Oxytetracycline, Meclocycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline. 7. Macrolide: Structure and specific uses of Erythromycin, Azithrocin, leandomycin. 8. Lincomycins: Lincomycin, Clindamycin. 9. Polypeptides: Gramicidin, Bacitracin, Polymyxin B, Colistin. 10. Miscellaneous: Chlormphenicols ,Vancomycin, Novobiocin. 12 hours;15-16 marks H. Antineoplastic agents: Introduction, mechanism of action and classification with examples. 1. Alkylating agents: Mechlorethamine, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucils , Busulfan, Lomustine, 2. Antimetabolites: Mercaptopurine, Thioguanine, 5-Flurouracil, Methotrexates, 3. Antibiotics: Dactinomycin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, Streptozocin. 4. Plant products: Etopside, Taxol, Camphothesin, Vincristine, Vinblastin. 5. Harmones: Dromostanalone, Megestrol, 6. Kinase inhibitors: Imatinibmesylate 6. Miscellaneous: Asparginase, Cisplatin, Hydroxy urea. 7. Immunotherapy: Interferon alpha 2a and 2b. 6 hours;8-9 marks I. Cardiovascular agents: 1. Antianginal agents and vasodilators: Chemical structure and specific uses of Amyl nitrite, Nitroglycerine, Isosorbide dinitrate. 2. Calcium antagonists: Brief introduction of calcium channels and their blockers. Chemical structures and uses of Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedepine, Nimodepine, Felodepine, Dipyridamole, Cyclandelate. 3. Antiarrhythmic drugs: Structure, chemical name, and classification of antiarrythmics with examples Class I- Membrane depressant drugs: Quinidine Procainamide, Phenytoin. Class II-Beta adrenergic blocking agents.Tocainide, propranolol Class III-Repolarization prolongators. Bretylium, Amiodarone Class IV-Calcium channel blocker. Diltiazem, Verapamil 4. Antihypertensive agents: Beta-blockers: Propranolol. Timolol ACE Inhibitors: Captopril, Enalapril Diuretics: Hydrochlorthiazide, Spiranolactone Calcium channel blockers: Nifedipine, Felodipine, Amlodipine

α1 -Antagonist: Prazocin α2 -agonist: Clonidine, Guanithedine Angiotensin –II receptor antagonist: Losartan, Valsartan Miscellaneous: Resperpine, Hydralazine, Minoxidil 5. Antihyperlipidemic agents: Structure and specific uses. Clofibrate, Lovastatin, Cholesteramine, Colestipol, Atorvastatin 6. Anticoagulants: Dicumorol, Warfarins ,Phenindione

14 hours;17-18 marks

J. Hypoglycemic agents: Insulin and its preparations. Sulfonylureas–Chlorpropamides , Acetohexamide, Glipizide, Biguanides-Phenformin, Metformin Substituted benzoic acid derivatives – Meglitinides, Nateglinide Thiazolidinediones –Glitazones, Pioglitazone, Ciglitazone, Rosiglitazone Glipitines – Sitagliptin, Anagliptin 2 hours;3-4 marks K. Thyroid harmones : L-thyroxine, L-thyronine, 1 hour;1-2 marks L. Antithyroid drugs: Propylthiouracil, Methimazole. 1 hour;1-2 marks M. Estrogens and progesterones- Skeletal structure and their uses 2 hour;3-4 marks N. Diuretics: Introduction 1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamides, Methazolamide. 2. Thiazide and Thiazide like diuretics: Chlorthiazides, Benzthiazide, Xipamide, Chlorthalidone. 3. High-ceiling or loop diuretics: Furosemides, Ethacrynic acids . 4. Potassium sparing diuretics: Spironolactone, Triampterene, Amiloride. 5. Miscellaneous: Mannitol. 5 hours;6-7 marks 96

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY II (PRACTICALS) 75 hours ; 3 hours/week Assay of 1. Sulphadiazine by diazotization 2. Chloroquine by nonaqueous titration 3. Ascorbic acid by Iodimetry 4. Isonicotinic acid by KBro3 (bromimetry) 5. Benzyl penicillin by Iodometry 6. Metronidazole/Mepacrine by nonaqueous titration 7. Furosemide by neutralization titration 8. Diethyl carbamazine by neutralization titration Preparation of medicinally important compounds or intermediates required for synthesis of drugs 1. PAS from p-nitro salicylic acid 2. Dichloramine T from toluene p-sulphonamide 3. Chloramine T from Dichloramine T 4. Fluorescein from pthalic anhydride 5. Eosin from Fluorescin 6. Sulphacetamide from sulphanilamide 7. Sulphanilamide from Acetanilide 8. INH from γ Picoline97 9. Chlorobutanol 10. Benzotriazole 11. 3-Diphenyl quinoline 12. 2,4,5Triphenyl imidazole from Benzoin Green Chemistry Synthesis 1. Microwave assisted synthesis of 1.4-dihydropyridine/pyrimidine 2. Synthesis of p-bromoacetanilide from aniline using KBr Estimation of the functional groups in medicinally important compound 1. Hydroxyl group in cholesterol 2. Ketone in camphor 3. Hydroxyl group in menthol 4. Amide in nicotinamide

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis - 10 Marks 2. Assay/Estimation (including standardization) - 30 Marks 3. Preparation including re-crystallisation and Melting Point determination - 20 Marks 4. Practical viva - 10 Marks Total

- 70 Marks

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY II TEXT BOOKS (THEORY) Latest editions and all volumes of 1. Foye's principles of Medicinal chemistry 2. Wilson and Griswold’s Text book of Organic and Pharmaceutical chemistry 3. Rama Rao Nadendla, Medicinal Chemistry MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY II REFERENCE BOOKS (THEORY) Latest editions and all volumes of 1. Burger's medicinal chemistry 2. The Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia 3. A.I.Vogel, Text Book of practical organic chemistry including the qualitative analysis 4. A.H.Becket and J.B.Stanlake, Practical Pharmaceutical chemistry 5. M Raghuprasad, Advanced medicinal chemistry: A laboratory guide 6. J.G.Mann and Saunders, Practical organic chemistry, ELBS Longman, London 7. I.P.1985, Ministry of Health, Govt. of India 8. LedniserMitzsher, Organic drug synthesis, Vol.1 and 2 9. I.L. Finar, Text Book organic chemistry 10. T. Robinson, Organic constituents of higher plants 11. Feiser and Feiser Steroids 12. Drug design by Ariens 13. Smith and Williams, Introduction to principles of drug design 14. Purcell, Strategy of drug design 15. CIMS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY II REFERENCE BOOKS (PRACTICALS) A.I.Vogel, Text Book of practical organic chemistry A.H. Beckett and Stanlake, Practical pharmaceutical chemistry J.G.Mann and Saunders, Practical organic chemistry Jayaveera KN, Practical medicinal chemistry Raghuprasad M, Advanced medicinal Chemistry Feiser and Feiser, Steroids IP 1985 I.L.Finar, Textbook of organic chemistry CIMS LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Suction Pump 2. Analytical Balance 3. Physical Balance 4. Triple beam balance 5. Water Baths Reflux Flask and condenser 6. Hot Plate 7. Mechanical Stirrer 8. Magnetic Stirrers with Thermostat 9. Distillation Unit 10. Refrigerator 11. Fuming Hood 12. Microwave Oven

01 10 Adequate 10 10 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

4.5 INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSY (THEORY) 50 hours ; 2 hours/week 1. Introduction: 2 hours;2-5 marks a) Importance and status of herbal drugs in national and international market. b) A brief of plant based industries and research institutions in India. 2. Phytopharmaceuticals: 10 hours;10-15 marks Detail method of isolation, identification and estimation of the following: Quinine, Casennosides, Diosogenin, Glycyrrhizin, Hesperidine, Andrographolides, Curcumin, Podophyllotoxin, Solasodine and Caffeine. 3. Quality control and Standardization of Herbal drugs: 10 hours;10-15 marks a) Definition of the : evaluation, quality control and standardization. b) Importance of standardization of raw materials, extracts and formulations with suitable examples. c) Quality control methods for Herbal drugs as per WHO guidelines. d) Applications of HPTLC and HPLC techniques for evaluation of crude drugs and extracts. Role of marker compounds in evaluation and chromatographic finger printing analysis. e) Monographic analysis of the following drugs for Standardization: i) Vasaka ii) Gokhru iii) Ashwagandha iv) Guduchi v) Guggulipid 4. Herbal Cosmetics and Nutraceuticals: 3 hours;2-5 marks a) Role of following herbs in cosmetics. i) Skin Care: Aloe vera, Neem, Turmeric, Saffron, Sandalwood ii) Hair Care: Soapnut, Amla, Henna, Hybiscus, Bringaraj b) Nutraceuticals: Source and importance of antioxidants, probiotics and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Study of nutritional value of Spirulina and Garlic 5. Natural sweeteners and bitters

2 hours; 2-5 marks

6. Patenting and Regulatory requirements of natural products: 3 hours; 2-5 marks a) Definition of the : Patent, IPR, Farmers right, Breeder’s right, Bioprospecting and Biopiracy b) Patenting aspects of Traditional Knowledge and Natural Products. Case study of Curcuma & Neem. c) WHO guidelines for regulation of herbal medicines in South-East Asian region. 7. Plant Biotechnology: 7 hours;5-10 marks a) Chemodemes, Polyploidy and Hybridization and their applications in improving the quality of medicinal plants. b) Tissue Culture: i) Types, techniques and applications ii) Methods for enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. iii) Transgenic plants and their applications 8. Enzyme Biotechnology: a) Immobilization of cells and enzymes b) Bio-transformation

3 hours; 2-5 marks

c) Source, isolation and uses of plant enzymes: Papain, Bromelin 9. Complementary and Alternative Medicines: 5 hours;5-8 marks a) General introduction to Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathy systems of medicines. b) Method of preparation of some Ayurvedic formulations: Aristas, Asavas, Ghutika, Taila, Churna, Leha, and Bhasma. c) Determination of alcohol content in Aristas and Asavas. 10. Study of some Traditional drugs: 5 hours;5-8 marks Common and vernacular names, source, active constituents and uses of i) Acorus ii) Apamarg iii) Bael iv) Brahmi v) Chirata vi) Coleus vii) Gudmar viii) Kantakari ix) Methi x) Pippali xi) Punarnava xii) Rasna xiii) Shatavari xiv) Shankapushpi xv) Shilajit

INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSY PRACTICALS 75 hours ; 3 hours/week 1. Isolation of Phytopharmaceuticals** i) Quinine ii) Ammonium glycyrrhizinate iii) Ca-sennosides iv) Caffeine v) Hesperidin vi) Curcumin 2. Estimation of Phytopharmaceuticals** i) Quinine iv) Caffeine v) Hesperidin vi) Curcumin [By Fluorimetric, Spectrophotometric or Chromatographic methods] ii) HPTLC and HPLC profiles of a few drugs 3. Thin layer chromatography of Alkaloids* 4. Estimation of bitters in Kalmegh** 5. Determination of swelling index in mucilage containing drugs* 6. Determination of microbial contamination in plant drugs 7. Initiation of callus culture 8. Immobilization of enzymes and determination of its activity* 9. Estimation of alcohol content in traditional preparations* 10. Study of morphology of traditional drugs mentioned in theory* Note: ** Denotes major experiments

* Denotes minor experiments

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Synopsis 10 marks 2. Identification of traditional drugs 10 marks 3. Isolation/ Estimation of phytoconstituents 25 marks 4. Minor experiment* 15 marks 5. Viva-Voce 10 marks Total

70 marks

INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Chaudhri RD. Herbal drug industry, 1st ed. New Delhi:Eastern publishers;1996. 2. Rajpal V. Standardisation of botanicals. 1st ed. New Delhi:Eastern publishers; 2002. 3. Vinod DR. Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. 1st ed. Nashik:Career publications; 2003. 4. Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods, 3rd ed. New Delhi:Springer (India) Pvt Ltd; 1998. 5. Indian Pharmacopoeia. Delhi:The Controller of Publications, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2007. 6. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia Vol I & Vol II. Mumbai:Government of India, Ministry of Health. A t Publication of RRL, Jammu and IDMA; 1998, 1999. 7. Agrawal SS, Paridhavi M. Herbal drug technology. 1 st ed. Hyderabad:Universities Press (India);2007. 8. Pulok M. Quality control of herbal drugs. 1st ed. New Delhi:Business horizons;2002. 9. WHO-Quality control methods for Medicinal plant materials;2011.

10. Wealth of India, A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials & Industrial Products (All Volumes). New Delhi:NISCAIR, CSIR: 2000. 11. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. 45th ed. Pune:Nirali Prakashan; 2010. 12. Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15 th ed. Philadelphia:Elsevier Science Ltd;2002. 13. Ashutosh K. Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. 2nd ed. New Delhi:New Age International Publishers;2006. 14. Veeresham C. Medicinal Plant Biotechnology 1st ed. New Delhi:CBS publishers and distributors;2004. 15. Vyas SP, Dixit. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 1 st ed. New Delhi:CBS Publishers & distributors;1998. 16. Gaud RS, Gupta GD, Gokhale. Practical Biotechnology. 1st ed. Pune:Nirali Prakashan;2000. 17. Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species. Kottakal:Arya Vaidya Sala; 1997. 18. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Vol I & II, 1999. Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of ISM & H. 19. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, 2000. Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of ISM & H. 20. National and International Journals- Phytochemistry, Pharmacognosy Reviews, Fitoterapia, Journal of Natural Products, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Planta Medica, Phytotherapy Research

LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Heating mantle 2. Soxhlet apparatus 3. TLC chamber & sprayer 4. Hot air oven 5. Water bath 6. Autoclave 7. Laminar air flow 8. B.O.D. Incubator 9. Microscope 10. Balance (Digital) 11. Spectrophotometer 12. Flourimeter 13. Reflux flasks & condensers 14. Distillation units 15. Vacuum pump 16. HPTLC 17. HPLC

10 10 10 01 20 01 01 01 20 02 01 01 20 05 02 Desirable Desirable

4.6 ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY (THEORY) 50 hours ; 2 hours/week 1. Biopharmaceutical classification systems and methods to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs - solid dispersion and complexation techniques. 4 hours; 5-10 marks 2. Controlled drug delivery systems: Principle, advantages, disadvantages, selection of drug candidates. Approaches to design controlled release formulations based on diffusion, dissolution and ion exchange principles. 5 hours; 8-10 marks Microencapsulation: Definition, applications, air suspension, coacervation and phase separation techniques. 3 hours; 5-7 marks 3. a) Novel drug delivery systems: Concepts, advantages and disadvantages, types of drug delivery systems such as transdermal, nasal, ocular, buccal and implants with suitable examples. 6 hours; 10-12 marks b) Targeted drug delivery systems: Concepts and approaches, advantages and disadvantages. Applications of microspheres, liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles. 4 hours; 5-10 marks 4. Pilot Plant scale up: General considerations - including significance of personnel requirements, space requirements, raw materials and development of Master Formula Records and Batch Manufacturing Records. Pilot plant scale up considerations for tablets. 6 hours; 10-12 marks 5. Pharmaceutical Packaging: Materials used for packaging of pharmaceutical products, advantages, disadvantages and quality control tests. 4 hours; 5-10 marks 6. Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP): as per D&C Act, USFDA, MHRA and TGA guidelines. 4 hours; 5-10 marks 7. Validation: Definition, types of validation, methods for process validation of pharmaceutical operations – Mixing and compression. 6 hours; 10-12 marks 8. Biostatistics: Introduction, Types of data distribution, Measures describing the central tendency distributions- average, median, mode. Measurement of the spread of data-range, variation of mean, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, standard error of mean. 5 hours; 8-10 marks 9. ICH guidelines and QbD: Introduction to ICH guidelines: Quality, efficacy and safety of drugs. Introduction to the concepts of Quality by Design (QbD). 3 hours; 5-10 marks

ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Chien YW. Novel drug delivery systems. 2nd ed. New York:Marcel Dekker Inc;2007. 2. Jain NK. Controlled and novel drug delivery. New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors;1997. 3. Nash RA, Berry IR. Pharmaceutical process validation. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc;1993 4. Robinson JR, Vincent HLL. Controlled drug delivery. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc;1987. 5. Sharma PP. Validation in pharmaceutical industry. Delhi:Vandana Publications. 6. Subrahmanyam CVS, Thimmasetty J. Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs. 1st ed. New Delhi: VallabhPrakashan;2012. 7. Vyas SP, Khar RK. Controlled drug delivery. Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan; 2002. 8. Yajaman S. Novel drug delivery systems and regulatory affairs. New Delhi:S Chand Publishing. Websites: www.ich.org, www.cdsco.nic.in

SECTION V ETHICS IN PHARMACY Introduction With the advances in science and technology and the increasing needs of the patient, their families and community, there is a concern for the health of the community as a whole. There is a shift to greater ability to the society. It is therefore absolutely necessary for each and every one involved in the health care delivery to prepare themselves to deal with these problems. Pharmacists like the other professionals are confronted with many ethical problems. Standards of professional conduct for pharmacist are necessary in the public interest to ensure an efficient pharmaceutical service. Every pharmacist should not only be willing to play his part in giving such a service, but should also avoid any act or omission which would prejudice the giving of the services or impair confidence, in respect, for pharmacist as a body. To accomplish this and develop human values, it is desired that the students undergo ethical sensitization by lectures or discussion on ethical issues. Introduction to ethics Ethics may be defined as “the code of moral principles” or as “the science of morals”. The conduct of individuals in any society is governed by the governmental controls on the one hand and the social customs and duties on the other. The former has the sanction of the low and the latter is left to the individual and the society. For this purpose, societies lay down a code of conduct to help the individuals to decide what is right and what is wrong. Such a code, when practiced by any society for a long time, results in the culture of a conscience in the individuals, which gives them a faculty to decipher for themselves, the right way of conducting their daily life, conductive to the well being of the society. This way of conducting life is said to be the ethical way and the culture of such conscience may well be termed as morality. The candidate after completion of B. Pharm, while practicing shall follow ethics in all spheres as under    

Pharmacist in relation to his job Pharmacist in relation to his trade Pharmacist in relation to medical profession Pharmacist in relation to his profession

Professional Ethics The candidate is required to   

Follow code of conduct Maintain confidentially Follow fair trade practice

 

Follow ethics in handling of prescriptions Maintain professional vigilance

Human values, ethical practice and communication abilities       

Adopt ethical principles in all aspects of the professional practice. Foster professional honesty and integrity Discharge the duties irrespective of social status, caste, creed or religion of the customer / client Develop oral and written communication skills Provide leadership and get the best out of his or her team in a congenial working atmosphere Apply high moral and ethical standards while carrying out human or animal research Be humble and accept the limitations in his or her knowledge and skill and to ask for help from colleagues when needed.

Pharmacist Oath I swear by the code of ethics of Pharmacy Council of India in relation to the community and shall act as an integral part of health care team I shall uphold the laws and standards governing my profession I shall strive to perfect and enlarge my knowledge to contribute to the advancement of Pharmacy and Public health I shall follow the system, which I consider best for Pharmaceutical care and counseling of patients I shall endeavor to discover and manufacture drugs of quality to alleviate sufferings of humanity I shall hold in confidence the knowledge gained about the patients in connection with my professional practice and never divulge unless compelled to do so by the law I shall associate with organizations having their objectives for betterment of the profession of Pharmacy and make contribution to carry out the work of those organizations While I continue to keep this oath unviolated may it be granted to me to enjoy life and the practice of pharmacy respected by all at all times! Should I tres and violate this oath, may the reverse by my lot!

SECTION VI NORMS AND STANDARDS 1.0 STAFF NORMS The knowledge, Skills, Attitudes and value of staff are assets which greatly contribute to their own individual effectiveness as well as to institutional performance. In addition, to the pattern and structure of staff, staff norms should therefore, emphasize on process of recruitment, deployment and development as well as appraisal. The norms stipulated are primarily for Pharmacy College with an annual intake of 40, 60 and 100 students. 1.1 Weekly Worked Schedule Student hours per week Student hours in formal learning Student centered activities (Library Studies) Guidance and counseling, seminars, etc.

: : :

40 hrs. 32 to 35 hrs. 5 to 8 hrs.

1.2 Annual Work Schedule In an academic year there should be a minimum of 180 instructional days, excluding examination. These norms are deemed to be essential for completion of the year. 1.3 Student-Teacher Ratio The student teacher ratio in a class will depend on 1. Teacher time required for formal instruction requiring student . 2. Student time devoted to formal learning requiring teacher and 3. Class sizes for different forms of instruction. The desirable student to teacher ratio for Pharmacy degree programme may be 10:1. However it should not be allowed to rise beyond 15:1. The teacher will engage in group/class sizes for formal teaching in the ratio as given below: Theory lecture class : 60:1 Lab. Practical : 20:1 For an intake of 100 students, the class has to be divided in to two sections, section A with 60 and section B with 40 students. The theory and practical classes are to be conducted accordingly. 1.4 Staff Pattern-Categories 1. 2. 3. 4.

Principal/HOD/Director and teaching staff. Technical ing staff. Library and computer center staff. istrative staff.

5. Miscellaneous staff including maintenance staff.

1.5 Teaching Staff Cadre The cadre structure should be as follow: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Principal/Director/HOD. Professor. Associate Professor. Assistant Professor.

1.6 Cadre Distribution-Flexibility The distribution of faculty position in the Pharmacy institution will depend on the work loads of the different departments based on the curriculum structure Flexibility in the distribution of different faculty cadres is permitted so long as such flexibility is for meeting the specific needs of the institution in of job requirements and courses offered. 1.7 Leave Training Reserves To enable institutions to the sponsor teachers for staff development programmes and to allow teachers to avail leave to which they are entitled it s necessary that adequate reserve capacity of teachers is available. Each institution will have such reserve capacity in accordance with leave training reserves sanctioned by central/state governments from time to time. 1.8 Selection and Recruitment of the Teaching Staff The positions of Professors, Associate Professor and Asst. Professors should be filled up through an open selection process. The selection agencies of the states and institution should adopt reliable and valid procedures for selecting candidates on the basis of competence knowledge, skills, attitudes and values required for the profession, adhering to the stipulation regarding qualification and experience. 1.9 Job Description and Qualifications of Staff As prescribed by AICTE and PCI time to time. 1.10 Performance Appraisal System A performance appraisal system for teachers should be setup, well integrated with institutional functioning, and this should lead to the identification of individual training and development needs. This should also enable the identification of faculty whose performance is outstanding. Such performance and excellence should be well recognized and rewarded. All institutions should introduced system for performance appraisal conforming with guidelines formulated in this regard.

1.11 Training and Development Teachers will be provided with opportunity to improve their qualifications through Quality Improvement Programmes (for Ph.D. in Pharmacy based areas). In addition to these, opportunities will be provided for pedagogy and professional industrial training. Under the Quality Improvement Programme a variety of short term courses to meet training and retaining needs will be provided for all levels of Teachers in Pharmacy colleges

2.0 NORMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE 2.1

Norms for Space and Buildings

The norms for space and building have been arrived at, based on the functions, a Pharmacy institutions’ offering diploma, degree, post graduate and Ph.D. programmes has to perform. In all cases, unit norms have been evolved taking the absolute minimum needs which are indicated as norms. As such the institutions, while envisaging their space and building requirements, must keep their perspectives for development in mind and formulate their planes accordingly. Around the istrative buildings, class rooms and drawing halls, there is considerable movement of students and there must be adequate veranda space in this part of the college building so that classes do not disturbed. For this reason, the ratio of plinth to carpet area for the normal building may be taken as 1:4. Classification of Building Area The building area required for the Pharmacy institution can be classified as instructional area, istrative area, amenities area and residential area. Instructional area will include class rooms, tutorial rooms, laboratories, computer center, library, instructional resource centre, seminar hall etc. istrative area comprises Principal’s room, various lounge, staff rooms , istrative office, departmental offices, stores, conference room, confidential room etc. Area for amenities consists of common rooms, recreation centre, hobby centre, offices for gymkhana, N.S.S. and Alumni Association, Co-operative stores, Dispensary, etc. Residential area includes student hostels, staff quarters and guest house. 2.2

Building Space for Instructional Area

The course structure of any pharmacy institution offering degree programme will include lecturers, tutorials, laboratory work and seminars/colloquium. The institute must have adequate building area for all these instructional activities. According to the model curriculum, during annual session, the total number of hours per week for which the students is to have with the teacher will vary between 27 to 34. In view of this, the instructional schedule is spread over a period of 34 hours a week. The student strength in a theory class should not exceed 60, the class should be divided into smaller groups of 20 in case of junior (I & II year) classes and 15 students for the senior (III & IV year) and a teacher is assigned to each group. In case of tutorial work, these smaller groups must be accommodated in separate rooms. The seminars/ colloquium of the senior students must be conducted with the entire class of particular discipline. 2.3

Number of rooms for Theory Classes

The number of rooms required for the theory class can be determined by applying the following relationship. 2.4

Number of Rooms for Tutorial work

The number of rooms required for the Tutorial work can be determined by applying the following relationship. 2.5

Rooms size for Theory Classes and Tutorial work

The carpet area requirement of the class rooms and tutorial rooms depends upon the number and type of seating arrangement for the students and provisions for a platform, a table and a chair for the teacher. In pharmaceutical science classes, very frequently students make use of a data book, a calculator and note book. As such he will require slightly more spacious desk as compared to the requirements of classes for students of general education. Further, as the space required for teacher will remain the same irrespective of the class strength, the per student requirement of carpet area will increase with the decrease in class strength. Considering the above requirements and size of class room furniture and drawing tables normally used in the institution, the following carpet area norms per student are prescribed for class rooms of different size and drawing halls. Type of Rooms

Carpet Area

Requirements in Sqm

Classification of Size

Minimum

Desirable

Class rooms for 40 students

48

56

Class rooms for 60 students

66

78

2.6 Laboratories The requirements of the laboratories depend upon the programmes that are being offered by the institution and the curricula adopted for theses programmes irrespective of the students population. The norms for the carpet area of the different laboratories are given in the table below. Care should be taken to provide laboratories in all allied subjects to the taught in the programme. The size of the laboratories should be suitable for a minimum batch of 20 students. The floor area of each laboratory may be calculated at the rate of 3.0 sq.mtr. per student with the minimum of space as given:

Department

Laboratory (Lab. Code)

Minimum Sqm

Maximum Sqm

80

100

80

100

40

50

Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1. Pharm.Chemistry

2. Pharmaceutics

3. Pharmaceutical Analysis 4. Pharmacognosy

5. Pharmacology

Laboratory- (PC1) Medicinal Chemistry & Natural Products Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory- (PC2) Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Balance Rooms (2) 2*20 sq.m Pharmaceutics Laboratory-I (PH1) Dispensing Pharmaceutics and Cosmeticology Pharmaceutics Laboratory II (PH2) including Microbiology and BioPharmaceutics Microbiology laboratory (PH3) (Desirable) Aseptic Room Physical Pharmacy (Phy. Pharm.) Industrial Pharmacy (Ind. Pharm.) Machine Room Pharmaceutical Analysis (PHA) and Biogeochemistry Instrument Room (Inst. Room) (Partly air conditioned) 1. Pharm. Biology Laboratory 2. Pharmacognosy Laboratory 1) Human Anatomy & Physiology 2) Pharmacology laboratory including Anatomy, Physiology and health education smoke room 3) Animal Room (including feed store)

80 80 80 25 80 80 80

100 100 100 35 100 100 100

80

100

80 80

100 100

80 80

100 100

80

100

Computer room 10 100 Water pumps room 10 20 Gas plant (where LPG gas is not 30 6. General 40 available) 10 20 Stores-I (General) 10 20 Store-II (for inflammable materials) The above areas do not include the rooms of the teaching staff even though such staff rooms are attached to the laboratories. However, they do include the sitting space for the technical ing staff and storage of laboratory consumables and instruments. 2.7

Library Purpose:

Acquiring, storing, catalogue, indexing, issuing and returning of books, periodicals and nonprint instructional material and providing reader services. Development and production of print and non-print instructional resources such as class notes, handouts, illustration, slides, filmstrips, audio-visual materials, models, charts etc. NORMS Minimum 150 sq.mtr. FACILITIES Projection Room: 2.8

Desirable 200 sq.mtr One of the class rooms to be equipped with Projection facilities.

Museum

Every institution shall maintain a museum of crude drugs herbarium sheets/charts of the drugs and plants mentioned in the course in addition, the following is recommended. 1. Colored slides and charts of medicinal plants; 2. Display of popular patent medicines; and 3. Containers of common usages in medicines. The following fittings will be required for the museum: 1. Showcase. 2. Cupboards. 3. Counters with lighting arrangements. 4. Literature counter on specimens. Minimum area required for museum will be 100 sq.mtr. 2.9 Other Provision 1. Examination hall cum Auditorium with CCTV shooting and recording facility. Purpose: Conducting examinations, conference, extension lectures and function. Area requirement: 150 sqm. 2.10 Building Space for istrative Offices The space to be provided for istrative office in technical institution/college will as per norms given below:

Carpet Area Principal/Office Confidential/Strong room Conference room istrative room Maintenance room 2.11

(Sq.m) 30 20 25 30 20

Other Space in the Department

In addition to the technical space the norms for buildings requirement in a teaching department for other purposes are as below: Carpet Area Head of Department Facility rooms seminar room Store 2.12

(Sq.m) 20 10 Per Teacher 30 (Desirable) 10

Buildings Space for Amenities

The minimum unavoidable requirements for such amenities for normal functioning of the institute are given below along with norms for the building space. 2.13

Students Activity Centre

This will consist of provisions for the indoor games, gymnasium, dramatics and alumni centre etc. (60 sq.m) 2.14

Toilet Blocks

The college building and the hostels will be provided with adequate number of toilet blocks with urinals, lavatories and wash basins. It will also be necessary to provide separately one toilet block for women in the college buildings. Toilet area requirement is as below: Education Building for 240 students- 24 sq.m. 2.15

Cycle and Scooter Stand

This will be provided as open or covered area as per requirement. 2.16

Other Amenities

The norms of space (Carpet area) or other miscellaneous amenities are as given below:

Carpet Area

(Sq.m)

Canteen Cooperative room NSS Office cum Stores Girls Common room

100 (Desirable) 100 (Desirable) 100 (Desirable) 60 (Essential)

2.17 Play Fields The institution must be provided with play fields so that the students can have adequate participation in games and sports for healthy and constructive activities within campus. 2.18 Building Space for Residential Area (Desirable) The hostel requirements depend upon on a variety of factors like the location of the institution, the region from which students are itted, local availability of accommodation and that of transport. Though, the requirement of residence for teachers and other employees of the institution also depend upon these factors but the same time it is necessary to provide an attraction to the new teacher from far off place by providing suitable accommodation at the campus. 2.19 Hostels (Desirable) The Hostel accommodation will be provided with the norms as given below: Location of College

Hostel Strength

Within 20km of large City

25% of Boys and 50% girls enrollment

Other Locations

50% of Boys and 100% girls enrollment

The boy’s hostel will be made as a unit for 120 students while there is minimum for a girlshostel unit. The first year students will be accommodated in triple seated rooms. The norms for the room areas will be as follow: Carpet area that Single room Triple seated room

(Sq.m) 9 20

The other building space needed in hostel unit will be as per norm given below: Carpet Area Kitchen and Dining Hall Indoor game cum Common hall Medical room Canteen Warden office Guest rooms (2 nos)

(Sq.m) 200 150 50 (for all hostel) 15 18* 18*

(* Four additional rooms of 9 sq.m. each within the hostel blocks) 2.20 Staff Residences The minimum residential accommodation that should exist in the campus should be for the principal, all Heads of the Departments, all Wardens and the essential staff including a care taker, an electrician, a driver, a water supply operator and chowkidars. The building space for residence will be as per norms given below: Carpet Area Principal Professor Asso. Professor/Asst.Prof Class III Staff Class IV Staff

(Sq.m) 140 Sqm 100 Sqm 80 Sqm 30 Sqm 20 Sqm

2.21 Guest House (Desirable) To meet the needs of the guests visiting the institution for official works and the parents visiting the students it will be necessary to have a guest house having four suits with attached toilets, a common dining hall and a kitchen. 2.22 Furniture All laboratories, library, lecture and tutorial rooms, offices, hostels and guest house etc. should be adequately furnished. No norms for furniture are being laid; however, it is expected that the furniture should conform to the requirements of a dignified institution. The institutions may equip the building with the furniture as available indigenously. 2.23 Land It will not be desirable to set the norms of land requirements for the pharmacy college because of existing high pressure on land availability and other similar factors. If enough land is not available near a large town, the double and triple storey construction may have to be resorted to. However, it will be desirable to have the total land area so as all requirements of the building space are fully met as envisaged in these norms. In addition it will be necessary to have additional land available within the campus for future expansion. 2.24 Laboratory Equipments The following factors are to be considered in identifying the equipment for the laboratories and workshops.

I.

Development of laboratory skills, i.e., verification, calibration, performance testing, investigation and problem solving. II. Development of practical skills i.e., manufacturing dispensing and communication skills etc. Laboratory models of equipments are necessary for imparting skills in the laboratories. Equipment similar to the ones used in industry are necessary for developing practical skills. Small scale and less expensive models available in the market, if found adequate for training should be preferred to large-scale and expensive equipment. Development activities, which the pharmacy institution has to undertake, have a bearing on the equipment list. In such cases, provision may have to be made for drug store management, training in hospital-pharmacy and community services. The number of tools/equipments/apparatus to be provided depends on the size of students group, utilization factors, capital cost and operating cost. The number of students in laboratories in any batch should not be more than 20 with one teacher. Typical layout of the labs for pharmacy programme. a. Purpose: Demonstrating, guiding, evaluating by the teacher and investigation, discussing, measuring and testing by the students. b. Terminology: The names of the laboratories are in accordance with the terminology used in the model curriculum. I.25 Norms of construction & fitting Typical laboratory for a pharmacy institution should follow following norms of construction: 1. All the laboratory should be spacious, well lit and well ventilated. 2. All laboratories should be provided with basic amenities and services like exhaust fans and fume chamber to reduce pollution wherever necessary. 3. The work branches should smooth and easily cleanable preferably made of nonabsorbent material. 4. The water taps should be non-leaking and directly installed on sinks. Drainage should be efficient and enclosed. 5. Fire extinguisher and first aid kit should be provided in each lab. 6. Preparation room (minimum 10 sq.m.) attached to the laboratories. 7. Balance room attached to concerned laboratories.

Each laboratory should have the following fittings: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Gas, Water and electric supply, gas plant or cylinders. Shelves for keeping reagent. Working surfaces. Sinks. Storage cabinets (lockers) for students to keep the apparatus issued to them for a year wherever required. 6. Exhaust fans and ceiling fans.

7. Fume chambers whatever necessary. 8. Black board with light. 9. Furniture (suitable arrangement for sitting of the teachers). 10. Artificial lighting wherever required for microscopic work. I.26 Library Books and Periodicals The teaching norms for the initial stock of books, yearly addition of the books and the number of journals to be subscribed are as given below: Sl.No. 1 2 3

Item Number of Books Annual additions of books Periodicals

Minimum 1500 adequate coverage of a large number of titles in all disciplines of pharmacy. 100 to 150 books. 15 to 20 national periodicals.

I.27 Teaching Aids The degree in pharmacy being professional courses with sufficient practical application component will require presentation and discussion in the class room. This can be greatly facilitated by the use of overhead projector, LCDs, LEDs video and computers. Thus a institute shall have the following teaching aids such as projectors for lecture class room, computers, VCR TV and cassettes for the courses. Staff Pattern for B.Pharm/D.Pharm/M.Pharm Courses Branch Wise

Department of Pharmaceutics

1. College with B.Pharm only 2. College with B.Pharm and M.Pharm 3. College with B.Pharm, M.Pharm & D.Pharm 4. College with B.Pharm, D.Pharm

Name Of Post

With intake of 40 students

With intake of 60 students

With intake Of 100 students

Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof.

1 1 2

1 1 2

1 2 4

Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof. Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof.

2 2 2 2 3 3 1 2 3

2 2 2 2 3 4 1 2 4

2 4 4 2 5 8 1 2 5

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1. College with B.Pharm only 2. College with B.Pharm and M.Pharm 3. College with B.Pharm, M.Pharm & D.Pharm 4. College with B.Pharm, D.Pharm

Name Of Post Professor Asso. Professor Asst.prof Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof

With intake of 40 students 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 1 2 3

With intake of 60 students

With intake of 100 students

1 1 3 2 2 4 2 2 5 1 2 4

1 2 5 2 4 8 2 4 9 1 2 5

With intake of 60 students

With intake of 100 students

1 1 2

1 2 4 1 4 4

1. College with B.Pharm only

Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof.

With intake of 40 students 1 1 1

2. College with B.Pharm and M.Pharm

Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof.

1 2 2

1 2 2

Professor Asso. Professor Asst.prof. Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof.

1 2 3 1 1 2

1 2 4 1 1 3

Department of Pharmacology

3. College with B.Pharm, M.Pharm & D.Pharm 4. College with B.Pharm, D.Pharm

Name Of Post

1 2 5 1 2 5

Department of Pharmacognosy 1. College with B.Pharm only 2. College with B.Pharm and M.Pharm 3. College with B.Pharm, M.Pharm & D.Pharm 4. College with B.Pharm, D.Pharm

Name Of Post

with intake of 60 students

With intake of 100 students

Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof. Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof. Professor Asso. Professor Asst.Prof.

With intake of 40 students 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3

1 2 2 1 2 4 1 2 5

Professor Asso. Professor Asst.prof.

1 1 1

1 1 2

1 2 4

Note: Part time teaching staff for Maths, Biology, Computer Science, Kannada, Indian Constitution, Environmental Science may be appointed.

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore

The Emblem

The Emblem of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences is a symbolic expression of the confluence of both Eastern and Western Health Sciences. A central wand with entwined snakes symbolises Greek and Roman Gods of Health called Hermis and Mercury is adapted as symbol of modern medical science. The pot above depicts Amrutha Kalasham of Dhanvanthri, the father of all Health Sciences. The wings above it depicts Human Soul called Hamsa (Swan) in Indian philosophy. The rising Sun at the top symbolises knowledge and enlightenment. The two twigs of leaves in western philosophy symbolises olive branches, which is an expression of Peace, Love and Harmony. In Hindu Philosophy it depicts the Vanaspathi (also called as Oushadi) held in the hands of Dhanvanthri, which are the source of all Medicines. The lamp at the bottom depicts human energy (kundalini). The script “Devahitham Yadayahu” inside the lamp is taken from Upanishath Shanthi Manthram (Bhadram Karnebhi Shrunuyanadev…), which says “May we live the full span of our lives allotted by God in perfect health” which is the motto of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore

Vision Statement

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka aims at bringing about a confluence of both Eastern and Western Health Sciences to enable the humankind “Live the full span of our lives allotted by God in Perfect Health”. It would strive for achievement of academic excellence by educating and Training Health Professionals who  Shall recognize health needs of community,  Carry out professional obligations Ethically and Equitably and in keeping with National Health Policy, It would promote development of scientific temper and Health Sciences Research. It would Encourage inculcation of Social ability amongst students, teachers and institutions. It would Quality Assurance for all its educational programmes

MOTTO Right for Rightful Health Sciences Education