222 Selenium Interview Questions With Answers 5x3u3k

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….. <\test> Q #79) How to Install TestNG In Eclipse? How do you that TestNg Is Installed properly In Eclipse? To Install TestNG In Eclipse. We can directly install the TestNG in the Eclipse using help->eclipseMarket. Or we can the .jar . Q #80) What are different annotations ed by TestNG ? TestNG s many different annotations to configure Selenium WebDriver test. @Test @Test annotation describes method as a test method or part of your test. @Test (Priority = 1) @ to the priority of the function

@Test(group = {“smoke”}) @ set the method name with group, when testNG will run “smoke” group only those methods will run which are only belongs to the “smoke” group @Parameters When you wants to parameters in your test methods, you need to use @Parameters annotation. In the .xml file (<parameter name="browser" value="FFX" /> In the class, use just above the methods @Test @Parameters ({"browser"}) @BeforeMethod Any method which is marked with @BeforeMethod annotation will be executed before each and every @test annotated method. @AfterMethod

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Same as @BeforeMethod, If any method is annotated with @AfterMethod annotation then it will be executed after execution of each and every @test annotated method. @BeforeClass Method annotated using @BeforeClass will be executed before first @Test method execution. @BeforeClass annotated method will be executed once only per class so don't be confused. @AfterClass Same as @BeforeClass, Method annotated with @AfterClass annotation will be executed once only per class after execution of all @Test annotated methods of that class. @BeforeTest @BeforeTest annotated method will be executed before the any @Test annotated method of those classes which are inside tag in testng.xml file. @AfterTest @AfterTest annotated method will be executed when all @Test annotated methods completes its execution of those classes which are inside tag in testng.xml file. @BeforeSuite Method marked with @BeforeSuite annotation will run before the all suites from test. @AfterSuite @AfterSuite annotated method will start running when execution of all tests executed from current test suite. @DataProvider When you use @DataProvider annotation for any method that means you are using that method as a data supplier. Configuration of @DataProvider annotated method must be like it always return Object[][] which we can use in @Test annotated method. If you want to provide the test data, the DataProvider way, then we need to declare a method that returns the data set in the form of two dimensional object array Object[][]. The first array represents a data set whereas the second array contains the parameter values. There are two way to provide data using @DataProvideer annotation

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Dynamic way: ing data through another method: We have provided the DataProvider method getData within the test class itself. Note that it is annotated with @DataProvider. Since it doesn’t have the name attribute, its name by default will be getData. It returns two sets of data, each set of which contains two values, an integer and a string value. Public class InstanceDataProviderExample { @Test(dataProvider="getData") public void instanceDbProvider(int p1, String p2) { System.out.println("Instance DataProvider Example: Data(" + p1 + ", " + p2 + ")"); } @DataProvider public Object[][] getData() { return new Object[][]{{5, "five"}, {6, "six"}}; } } OUTPUT: [TestNG] Running: C:\javacodegeeks_ws\testNgDataProvider\test\com\javacodegeeks\testng\testng.xml Instance DataProvider Example: Data(5, five) Instance DataProvider Example: Data(6, six)

Static Data Provider:DataProvider method can also be defined in a separate class as a static method, in which case, the test method using it has to specify both the DataProvider name and its class in the @Test attributes dataProvider and dataProviderClass. public class StaticDataProviderExample { @Test(dataProvider="client1", dataProviderClass=DataProviderSource.class) public void client1Test(Integer p) { System.out.println("Client1 testing: Data(" + p + ")"); }

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@Test(dataProvider="client2", dataProviderClass=DataProviderSource.class) public void client2Test(Integer p) { System.out.println("Client2 testing: Data(" + p + ")"); } } OUTPUT: C:\javacodegeeks_ws\testNgDataProvider\test\com\javacodegeeks\testng\staticDataPr oviderTestng.xml Client1 testing: Data(1) Client2 testing: Data(2)

@BeforeGroups @BeforeGroups annotated method will run before the first test run of that specific group. @AfterGroups @AfterGroups annotated method will run after all test methods of that group completes its execution. @Factory When you wants to execute specific group of test cases with different values, you need to use @Factory annotation. An array of class objects is returned by @Factory annotated method and those TestNG will those objects as test classes. @Listeners @Listeners are used to with test class. It is helpful for logging purpose. Q #81) What Is the usage of testng.xml file? In selenium WebDriver, We are using testng.xml file to configure our whole test suite In single file. Few of the tasks which we can specify In testng.xml file are as below. We can define test suite using set of test cases to run them from single place. Can Include or exclude test methods from test execution. Can specify a group to Include or exclude. Can parameter to use In test case. Can specify group dependencies. Can configure parallel test execution. Can define listeners. [email protected]

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Q #82) How to parameter with testng.xml file to use It In test case? We can define parameter In testng.xml file using syntax like bellow. <parameter name="browser" value="FFX" /> Here, name attribute defines parameter name and value defines value of that parameter. Then we can use that parameter In selenium webdriver test case using bellow given syntax. @Parameters ({"browser"}) Q #83) I have a test case with two @Test methods. I want to exclude one @Test method from execution. Can I do It? How? Yes you need to specify @Test method exclusion In testng.xml file as bellow. <suite name="Test Exclusion Suite"> <methods> <exclude name="Your Test Method Name To Exclude"/> You need to provide @Test method name In exclude tag to exclude It from execution. Q #84) Tell me syntax to skip @Test method from execution. You can use bellow given syntax Inside @Test method to skip It from test execution. Please see the code in the “package framework.vTigerDay1.TestNGClass and TestNG.xml file;” Using (@Test (enabled= false)): we can skip any method even it include in the TestNG.xml file.

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throw new SkipException("Test Check_Checkbox Is Skipped"); Q #85) Arrange bellow give testng.xml tags from parent to child. <suite> Parent to child arrangement for above testng tags Is as bellow. <suite> Q #86) How to set priority of @Test method? What Is Its usage? In your test case, you can set priority for TestNG @Test annotated methods as bellow. @Test(priority=0) Using priority, We can control @Test method execution manner as per our requirement. That means @Test method with priority = 0 will be executed 1st and @Test method with priority = 1 will be executed 2nd and so on. Q #87) Tell me any 5 assertions of TestNG which we can use In selenium webdriver. There are many different assertions available In TestNG but generally I am using bellow given assertions In my test cases. assertEquals: This assertion is useful to compare expected and actual values in selenium webdriver. If both values match then its fine and will continue execution. But if fails then immediately it will mark that specific test method as fail and exit from that test method. Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected); Assert.assertEquals(Actualtext, "Tuesday, 28 January 2014");

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assertNotEquals :It's function is opposite to assertEquals assertion. Means if both sides values will not match then this assertion will else it will fail Assert.assertNotEquals(actual, expected, message) Assert.assertNotEquals(Actualtext, "Tuesday, 28 January 2014", "Expected and actual match in assertion_method_1"); assertTrue : assertTrue assertion is generally used for boolean condition true. It will if condition returns "true". If it will return false then it will fail and skip test execution from that specific method. assertTrue(condition) Assert.assertTrue(driver.findelement(By.id(“ ”)).isSelected()); assertFalse :It will check boolean value returned by condition and will if returned value is "False". If returned value is then this assertion will fail and skip execution from current test method. Assert.assertFalse(condition) Assert.assertFalse(driver.findelement(By.id(“ ”)).isSelected());

assertNull : assertNull(object) assertion will check and that object is null. It will if object found null. If object found not null then it will return error message like "java.lang.AssertionError: expected [null] but found [true]". Whenever your assertion fails, it will mark that specific test method as fail in TestNG result. assertNull(object) txt1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='text1']")); Assert.assertNull(txt1.getAttribute("disabled")); assertNotNull: assertNotNull assertion is designed to check and that values returned by object is not null. Means it will be if returned value is not null. assertNotNull(object) txt1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='text1']")); Assert.assertNotNull(txt1.getAttribute("disabled"));

Q #88) Can you tell me usage of TestNG Soft Assertion?

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Using TestNG soft assertion, We can continue our test execution even if assertion fails. That means on failure of soft assertion, remaining part of @Test method will be executed and assertion failure will be reportedat the end of @Test method. To use testng soft assertion, you have to use testng SoftAssert class. This class will helps to not throw an exception on assertion failure and recording failure. If you will use soft assertion then your test execution will remain continue even If any assertion fails. Another most Important thing Is your assertion failure will be reported In report so that you can view It at end of test. You can use soft assertion when you are using multiple assertions In same test method and you wants to execute all of them even If any one In between fails. //Created object of testng SoftAssert class to use It's Properties. SoftAssert s_assert = new SoftAssert(); //Text on expected side Is written Incorrect intentionally to get fail this assertion. Assert.assertEquals(Actualtext, "Tuesday, 01 January 2014", "1st assert failed."); System.out.println("Hard Assertion -> 1st pagetext assertion executed." //Text on expected side Is written Incorrect intentionally to get fail this assertion. s_assert.assertEquals(Actualtext, "Tuesday, 01 January 2014", "1st assert failed."); System.out.println("Soft Assertion -> 1st pagetext assertion executed.");

Q #89) How to write regular expression In testng.xml file to search @Test methods containing "product" keyword. Regular expression to find @Test methods containing keyword "product" Is as bellow. <methods> Q #90) Which time unit we provide In time test? minutes? seconds? milliseconds? or hours? Give Example. Time unit we provide on @Test method level or test suite level Is In milliseconds. Q #91) What Is the syntax to get value from text box and store It In variable. Most of the time, String In text box will be stored as value. So we need to access value attribute(getAttribute) of that text box as shown In bellow example.

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String Result = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='Resultbox']")).getAttribute("value"); Q #92) What Is Parallelism In TestNG? In general software term, Parallelism means executing two part of program simultaneously or executing program simultaneously or we can say multithreaded or parallel mode. TestNG has same feature using which we can start multiple threads simultaneously In parallel mode and test methods will be executed In them. Example: <suite name="Parallel Class Suite" parallel="classes" thread-count="2"> Q #93) What Is dependency test In TestNG? Dependency Is very good feature of testng using which we can set test method as dependent test method of any other single or multiple or group of test methods. That means depends-on method will be executed first and then dependent test method will be executed. If depends-on test method will fail then execution of dependent test method will be skipped automatically. TestNG dependency feature will works only If depends-on test method Is part of same class or part of Inherited base class. Exmaple: @Test(dependsOnMethods={"","checkMail"}) public void () { System.out.println(" Test code."); } Q #94) How to use grid and while using grid how to run webDriver on ode machines? To use grid we need two or multiple machines. One would be host and other would be node. HOST Machine:

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Open command prompt and fire the below command or save that command in the .bat file. So that we can run by using file it self. D: cd D:\seleium tool\Guru 99\WebDriver Test cases\SeleniumClassMy\jars java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.45.0.jar -role hub Node Machine: Open command prompt and file the below command or save that command in the .bat file. So that we can run by using file itself. And for using node machine we have to set the limitations and capabilities for the node machine so that save all the configurations, limitations and capabilities in the .json file. As all the files are in that path “D:\seleium tool\Guru 99\WebDriver Test cases\SeleniumClassMy\grid” D: cd D:\seleium tool\Guru 99\WebDriver Test cases\SeleniumClassMy java -jar jars\selenium-server-standalone-2.45.0.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444/grid/ nodeconfig grid\nodeConfig.json In the code, how to set the webDriver for grid? publicstatic Page openWebPageGrid(String browserName, String url, String OS) throws MalformedURLException { DesiredCapabilities dc = null; if (browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("FF") &&OS.contentEquals("windows")){ dc = DesiredCapabilities.firefox(); dc.setPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS); } elseif (browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("CH") &&OS.equalsIgnoreCase("windows")){ System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "Drivers\\chromedriver.exe"); dc = DesiredCapabilities.chrome(); dc.setPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS); } elseif (browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("IE") &&OS.equalsIgnoreCase("Windows")) { System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "Drivers\\IEDriverServer.exe"); dc = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer(); dc.setPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS); } // same we can create more conditions // WD is the predefine key word, wd- webdriver

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URL urlObj = newURL("http://14.98.122.21:4444/wd/hub"); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(urlObj, dc); driver.get(url); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(50, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage().window().maximize(); return PageFactory.initElements(driver, Page.class); } Note:-Default port no is 4444 Q #95) Can we use implicitly wait() and explicitly wait() together in the test case? No. we should not. Before using the explicitly wait(), reset the implicitly wait() by using the below code. Create a method for the explicitly wait(): Public void explicitlyWaitForWebElement(WebDriver driver, WebElement we){ driver.manage.timeouts().implicitywait(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // nullify the time WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); Wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(we)); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitywait(DEFAULT_WAIT_4_PAGE, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // reset the time } Always call this function to set the explicitly wait(). Q #96) What is the syntax of URL? Uniform Resource Locator resource_type://hostname.domain:port/path/filename        

resource_type - defines the type of Internet service (most common is http, ftp,https) HTTP: hyper text transport protocol HTTPS: Secure Hyper Text transport protocol hostname - defines the domain host (default host for http is www) domain - defines the Internet domain name (w3schools.com) port - defines the port number at the host (default for http is 80) path - defines a path at the server (If omitted: the root directory of the site) filename - defines the name of a document or resource [email protected]

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Q #97) What is cookies? Cookies are text files retained on computers by browsers containing various information in regards to a specific website visit. Cookies are used to identify s, store shopping cart information, and prepare customized web pages that utilize information. The cookie may be used to a name, help you resume where you left off, for example, so that the name will auto-fill on the ’s next visit. Cookies may be disabled, or cookie options customized, due to privacy concerns and the risk of some cookies being used as spyware. It should be noted that because cookies are not executable files, they cannot be considered viruses as they do not have the ability to replicate. Session cookies last only for as long as a is on a website; they expire after the browser window is closed or the session times out. Persistent cookies (also known as tracking cookies) remain active for a period of time on a ’s machine and are used whenever the website is accessed. Secure cookies are used when accessing a website via HTTPS and are encrypted for greater safety. Cookies cannot carry viruses, and cannot install malware on the host computer Q #98) What type of framework use in the automation testing? Three type of framework majorly use in the automation testing. 1. Data Driven framework 2. Keyword driven framework 3. Hybrid driven framework

Data Driven framework: It is use where testing relays on the huge number of input test data. Example: Online Candidate forms fill up. Suppose it have lots of input data to be supplied by (tester) with the different combination and permutation. These different types of data cannot be hard code in the java test file. Hence data need to be pull from the external source (framework). Keyword Driven framework:All information is written in code. Example: here each operations are represented as a keyword like SendMail(), IntoPage(), EnterDetails() etc. Through this way new test case can reuse the existing test case.

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But it required more programming knowledge and code becomes lengthier. Hybrid framework:It is the combination of data driven and keyword driven both. Hybrid framework pulls the data from the external source and also it uses the Keywords to perform operation like SendMails(), IntoPage(). Q #99) What types of Models choose while deg the framework? Most commonly use models are: 1. Behavioral Driven Development 2. Page Object Model 1. Behavioral Driven Development: 2. Page Object Model: In this type of Model, Each UI has different type of object (elements) to interact. These object are identified and written in the code along with their identity by using the One page have one Class in java. Exp: @FindBy (name = “_name”) Public WebElement Name; @FindBy (xpath = “//span[@text()=’Marketing’]”) Public WebElement Link; Advantages: In page Object Model, one page objects save in the one class. This reduces the amount of duplicate code and If any UI changes occurs then need to change only in one place. Q #100) What is the frame? Why we need to switch to the frame? frames are used to divide your browser window into multiple sections where each section can load a separate HTML document.To use frames on a page we use tag instead of tag. The tag defines how to divide the window into frames. Frames are not the part of the same window handles because An IFrame (Inline Frame) is an HTML document embedded inside another HTML document on a website. IFrame:An inline frame is used to embed another document within the current HTML document. It means iframe is actually a webpage within the webpage which have its own DOM (Document object model ) for every iframe on the page. Web designers use IFrames to embed interactive applications in Web pages, including those that employ Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), like Google Maps or ecommerce applications.

Q #101) What are the selenium exception you faced? There are multiple exceptions in selenium: NoSuchElementException:Thrown when element could not be found.

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To handle this, use wait either implicit or explicit and first use WebElement.isDisplayed(), or WebElement.isEnable(). NoAlertPresentException:Thrown when switching to no presented alert. NoSuchWindowException:Thrown when window target to be switched doesn’t exist. NoSuchFrameException:Thrown when frame target to be switched doesn’t exist ElementNotVisibleException:Thrown when an element is present on the DOM, but it is not visible, and so is not able to be interacted with. To handle this exception, use explicit wait or try to find out the element by javaScript. StaleElementReferenceException: This tells that element is no longer appearing on the DOM page. To handle this exception use an explicit wait on the element to ensure the update is complete, then grab a fresh reference to the element again. ElementNotSelectableException:Thrown when trying to select an unselectable element. Q #102) How to use @DataProvider annotation in TestNG? @DataProvider When you use @DataProvider annotation for any method that means you are using that method as a data supplier. Configuration of @DataProvider annotated method must be like it always return Object[][] which we can use in @Test annotated method. If you want to provide the test data, the DataProvider way, then we need to declare a method that returns the data set in the form of two dimensional object array Object[][]. The first array represents a data set whereas the second array contains the parameter values. There are two way to provide data using @DataProvideer annotation Dynamic way: ing data through another method: We have provided the DataProvider method getData within the test class itself. Note that it is annotated with @DataProvider. Since it doesn’t have the name attribute, its name by default will be getData. It returns two sets of data, each set of which contains two values, an integer and a string value. Public class InstanceDataProviderExample {

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@Test(dataProvider="getData") public void instanceDbProvider(int p1, String p2) { System.out.println("Instance DataProvider Example: Data(" + p1 + ", " + p2 + ")"); } @DataProvider public Object[][] getData() { return new Object[][]{{5, "five"}, {6, "six"}}; } } OUTPUT: [TestNG] Running: C:\javacodegeeks_ws\testNgDataProvider\test\com\javacodegeeks\testng\testng.xml Instance DataProvider Example: Data(5, five) Instance DataProvider Example: Data(6, six)

Static Data Provider:DataProvider method can also be defined in a separate class as a static method, in which case, the test method using it has to specify both the DataProvider name and its class in the @Test attributes dataProvider and dataProviderClass. public class StaticDataProviderExample { @Test(dataProvider="client1", dataProviderClass=DataProviderSource.class) public void client1Test(Integer p) { System.out.println("Client1 testing: Data(" + p + ")"); } @Test(dataProvider="client2", dataProviderClass=DataProviderSource.class) public void client2Test(Integer p) { System.out.println("Client2 testing: Data(" + p + ")"); } } OUTPUT: C:\javacodegeeks_ws\testNgDataProvider\test\com\javacodegeeks\testng\staticDataPr oviderTestng.xml

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Client1 testing: Data(1) Client2 testing: Data(2)

Q #103) How to find out the dynamic element by webdriver? Can find dynamic element by multiple ways:  Absolute xpath:Xpath Position or Absolute Xpath are most frequently used to resolve the dynamic element issues. web_element_name=html/body/div[30]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div/div[1]/table/tbody /tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr/td[1]/table/tbody/tr/td[1]/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]/em/bu tton//p[6]/label[2]/div/ins Identity element by starts-with and contains text(): If the dynamic elements have a definite pattern to them, then we can also use JavaScript functions like “starts-with” or “contains” in our element locators to separate the dynamic part of locator from static part. XPath: //button[starts-with(@id, 'Submit-')] 

XPath: //input[contains(@class, 'suggest')]. Q #104) What are the most common pre define functions of xpath? Below are the most common pre define functions are;  Last()  Position()  Contains()  Start-with () How to use them? Harry Potter 4e6yy <price>29.99 Learning XML 5a3c2l <price>39.95

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/ = Selects from the root node // =Selects nodes in the document from the current node that match the selection no matter where they are . = Selects the current node .. = Selects the parent of the current node @ = Selects attributes /bookstore = selects the root element bookstore Note: If the path start with a slash(/), it always represents an absolute path to an elements. //book = select all book elements no matter where they are in the document bookstore/book = Selects all book elements that are children of bookstore bookstore//book = Selects all book elements that are descendant of the bookstore element, no matter where they are under the bookstore element //@lang = Selects all attributes that are named lang //bookstore/book[1] =Selects the first book element that is the child of the bookstore element. Note: In IE 5,6,7,8,9 first node is[0], but according to W3C, it is [1]. To solve this problem in IE, set the SelectionLanguage to XPath: In JavaScript: xml.setProperty("SelectionLanguage","XPath"); //bookstore/book[last()]=Selects the last book element that is the child of the bookstore element. //bookstore/book[position()<3] = Selects the first two book elements that are children of the bookstore element. *= matches any elements node @* = matches any attribute node Node() = matches any node of any kind /bookstore/* = select all the child element of the bookstore element. //* = select all elements in the document. //tittle[@*] = select all title elements which have at least one attribute of any kind. Q #105) How to set the browser for the GRID? For the grid we also need to add OS information and for the remote machine we use RemoteWebDriver()

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publicstatic Page openWebPageGrid(String browserName, String url, String OS) throws MalformedURLException { DesiredCapabilities dc = null; if (browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("FF") &&OS.contentEquals("windows")){ dc = DesiredCapabilities.firefox(); dc.setPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS); } elseif (browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("CH") &&OS.equalsIgnoreCase("windows")){ System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "Drivers\\chromedriver.exe"); dc = DesiredCapabilities.chrome(); dc.setPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS); } elseif (browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("IE") &&OS.equalsIgnoreCase("Windows")) { System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "Drivers\\IEDriverServer.exe"); dc = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer(); dc.setPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS); } // same we can create more conditions // WD is the predefine key word, wd- webdriver URL urlObj = newURL("http://14.98.122.21:4444/wd/hub"); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(urlObj, dc); driver.get(url); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(50, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage().window().maximize(); return PageFactory.initElements(driver, Page.class); } Q #106) How to get the snapshot using selenium? publicstaticvoid fn_takeSanpShot(String path) throws IOException{ if (fileSnapShotObj == null) { fileSnapShotObj = new File(snapShotFolderPath); if (!fileSnapShotObj.exists()){ // this is using to create the directory for snapShot if not exist. fileSnapShotObj.mkdir(); } } TakesScreenshot tss = (TakesScreenshot)driver;

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File scrObj = tss.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); File destObj = newFile(path); FileUtils.copyFile(scrObj, destObj); } Q #107) How to shoot the snapshot using selenium? publicstaticvoid shootSnapShot(WebElement we, String destPath) { if (fileSnapShotObj == null) { fileSnapShotObj = new File(snapShotFolderPath); if (!fileSnapShotObj.exists()){ // this is using to create the directory for snapShot if not exist. fileSnapShotObj.mkdir(); } } TakesScreenshot tss = (TakesScreenshot) driver; File srcObj = tss.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); Point p = we.getLocation(); intheight = we.getSize().getHeight(); intwidth = we.getSize().getWidth(); System.out.println("p.getx()= "+p.getX()+"p.gety()="+p.getY()+"height= "+height+"width"+width); try { BufferedImage biObj = ImageIO.read(srcObj); // Parameters: //x - the X coordinate of the upper-left corner of the specified rectangular region //y - the Y coordinate of the upper-left corner of the specified rectangular region //w - the width of the specified rectangular region //h - the height of the specified rectangular region BufferedImage dest = biObj.getSubimage(p.getX(), p.getY(), width, height); File destObj = newFile(destPath); ImageIO.write(dest, "jpeg", srcObj); FileUtils.copyFile(srcObj, destObj); Reporter.log(" SnapShot " ); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } Q #108) How to know that element is visible? We can find the dimension of the element if it is visible. [email protected]

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privatestaticboolean fn_checkVisible(WebElement we){ Dimension dimObj = we.getSize(); if (dimObj.getHeight() > 0 &&dimObj.getWidth()> 0) returntrue; else returnfalse; } Q #109) how to handle Alert using selenium? By switching on the alert : publicstaticvoid fn_alert(String message) { Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); if (message.equalsIgnoreCase("yes")) alert.accept(); else alert.dismiss(); } Q #110) How to switch on the given URL in multiple windows handle? First find all the windows handle and then save it in the Iterator and then check the url of every windows and then switch. publicstaticvoid fn_switchWindowUsingURL(String fieldName){ String fieldValue = fn_getValue(fieldName); Set<String>setObj = driver.getWindowHandles(); Iterator<String>iteObj = setObj.iterator(); while(iteObj.hasNext()) { driver.switchTo().window(iteObj.next()); String currentURL = driver.getCurrentUrl(); if(currentURL.contains(fieldValue)){ System.out.println("Contains the url"); break; } } }

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Q #111) Explain the different between HTTP and HTTPS? The differences between HTTP and HTTPS are following: 

 

Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a protocol for information to be ed back and forth between web servers and clients. Https is refers to the combination of a normal HTTP interaction over an encrypted Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) transport mechanism HTTP use port number 80 whereas HTTPS use port number 443 HTTP can the client asking for a particular file to be sent only if it has been updated after a certain date and time whereas Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer is built into its browser that encrypts and decrypts page requests as well as the pages that are returned by the Web server

Q #112) Why use pageObjectModel?     

It’s a model though which we can create page specific code using all page functionality, collect all the locators at the time of page initialization. If there are some UI changes for the page, we just need to change the code with in the page class. Collect all the locators at the time of page initialization, we don’t face the stateElementExceptions or ElementNotFoundException. By using the page object model, we can also make private to WebElement, WebDriver so that only base class can access it. Using the page object, when we are navigate to another page, return the other page (navigation page) object that will initialize the webElements of the class.

Q #113) How do you read data from excel ? FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(“path of excel file”); Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis); Sheet s = wb.getSheet(“sheetName”); String value = s.getRow(rowNum).getCell(cellNum).getStringCellValue(); Q #114) What are different types of locators ? There are 8 types of locators and all are the static methods of the By class. By.id(), By.name(), By.tagName(), By.className(), By.linkText(), By.partialLinkText(), By.xpath, By.cssSelector().

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Q #115) What is the difference between Assert and ? Assert- it is used to the result. If the test case fail then it will stop the execution of the test case there itself and move the control to other test case. - it is also used to the result. If the test case fail then it will not stop the execution of that test case. Q #116) What is the alternate way to click on button? use submit() method but it can be used only when attribute type=submit. Q #117) How do you if the checkbox/radio is checked or not ? We can use isSelected() method. Syntax – driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath of the checkbox/radio button")).isSelected(); If the return value of this method is true then it is checked else it is not. Q #118) How do you handle alert pop-up ? To handle alert pop-ups, we need to 1st switch control to alert pop-ups then click on ok or cancle then move control back to main page. SyntaxString mainPage = driver.getWindowHandle(); Alert alt = driver.switchTo().alert(); → to move control to alert popup alt.accept(); ---> to click on ok. alt.dismiss(); ---> to click on cancle. Then move the control back to main web pagedriver.switchTo().window(mainPage); → to switch back to main page. Q #119) How do you launch IE/chrome browser? Before launching IE or Chrome browser we need to set the System property. To open IE browser → System.setProperty(“webdriver.ie.driver”,”path of the iedriver.exe file ”); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(); To open Chrome browser → System.setProperty(“webdriver.chrome.driver”,”path of

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the chromeDriver.exe file ”); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Q #120) How to perform right click using WebDriver? use Actions class. Actions act = new Actions(driver); // where driver is WebDriver type act.moveToElement(webElement).perform(); act.contextClick().perform(); Q #121) How do perform drag and drop using WebDriver? use Action class. Actions act = new Actions(driver); WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.xpath(“ -----”)); //source ele which you want to drag WebElement target = driver.findElement(By.xpath(“ -----”)); //target where you want to drop act.dragAndDrop(source,target).perform(); Q #122) Give the example for method overload in WebDriver. frame(string), frame(int), frame(WebElement). Q #123) How do you a file? To a file we can use sendKeys() method. Syntax - driver.findElement(By.xpath(“input field”)).sendKeys(“path of the file which u want to ”); Q #124) How do you click on a menu item in a drop down menu? if that menu has been created by using select tag then we can use the methods selectByValue() or selectByIndex() or selectByVisibleText(). These are the methods of the Select class. If the menu has not been created by using the select tag then we can simply find the xpath of that element and click on that to select.

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Q #125) What is the difference between findElement and findElements? Both methods are abstract method of WebDriver interface and used to find the WebElement in a web page. findElement() - it used to find the one web element. It return only one WebElement type. findElements()- it used to find more than one web element. It return List of WebElements. Q #126) Write the code for Reading and Writing to Excel through Selenium ? FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(“path of excel file”); Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis); Sheet s = wb.getSheet(“SheetName”); String value = s.getRow(rowNum).getCell(cellNum).getStringCellValue(); // read data s.getRow(rowNum).getCell(cellNum).setCellValue(); // write data FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(“path of file”); wb.write(fos); //save file Q #127) How do you clear the contents of a textbox in selenium ? use clear() method. syntax- driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath of box")).clear(); Q #128) How to get the number of frames on a page ? List <WebElement> framesList = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//iframe")); int numOfFrames = frameList.size(); Q #129) How do you simulate scroll down action ? use java script to scroll downJavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; jsx.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,4500)", ""); //scroll down, value 4500 you can change as per your req [email protected]

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jsx.executeScript("window.scrollBy(450,0)", ""); //scroll up expublic class ScrollDown { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get("http://www.flipkart.com/womensclothing/pr?sid=2oq,c1r&otracker=hp_nmenu_sub_women_1_View%20all"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; jsx.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,4500)", ""); //scroll down Thread.sleep(3000); jsx.executeScript("window.scrollBy(450,0)", ""); //scroll up } } Q #130) What is the command line we have to write inside a .bat file to execute a selenium project when we are using testng ? java - bin;jars/* org.testng.TestNG testng.xml Q #131) How to check if an element is visible on the web page ? use isDisplayed() method. The return type of the method is boolean. So if it return true then element is visible else not visible. Syntax – driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath of elemnt")).isDisplayed(); Q #132) How to check if a button is enabled on the page ? use isEnabled() method. The return type of the method is boolean. So if it return true then button is enabled else not enabled. Syntax – driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath of button")).isEnabled(); Q #133) How to check if a text is highlighted on the page ? To identify weather color for a field is different or notString color = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Shop']")).getCssValue("color");

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String backcolor = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Shop']")).getCssValue("background-color"); System.out.println(color); System.out.println(backcolor); Here if both color and backcolor different then that means that element is in different color. Q #134) How to check the checkbox or radio button is selected ? use isSelected() method to identify. The return type of the method is boolean. So if it return true then button is selected else not enabled. Syntax – driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath of button")).isSelected(); Q #135) How do u get the width of the textbox ? driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpath of textbox ”)).getSize().getWidth(); driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpath of textbox ”)).getSize().getHeight(); Q #136) How do u get the attribute of the web element ? driver.getElement(By.tagName("img")).getAttribute("src") will give you the src attribute of this tag. Similarly, you can get the values of attributes such as title, alt etc. Similarly you can get CSS properties of any tag by using getCssValue("some propety name"). Q #137) How to check whether a text is underlined or not ? Identify by getCssValue(“border-bottom”) or sometime getCssValue(“textdecoration”) method if the cssValue is 'underline' for that WebElement or not. ex- This is for when moving cursor over element that is going to be underlined or notpublic class UnderLine { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get("https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=ctrl&ei=bXAwU8jYN4W6iAf8zIDgD A&gws_rd=cr"); [email protected]

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String cssValue= driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Hindi']")).getCssValue("text-decoration"); System.out.println("value"+cssValue); Actions act = new Actions(driver); act.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Hindi']"))).perform (); String cssValue1= driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Hindi']")).getCssValue("text-decoration"); System.out.println("value over"+cssValue1); driver.close(); } } Q #138) How to hover the mouse on an element ? Actions act = new Actions(driver); act.moveToElement(webelement); //webelement on which you want to move cursor Q #139) What is the use of getOptions() method ? getOptions() is used to get the selected option from the dropdown list. Q #140) What is the use of deSelectAll() method ? It is used to deselect all the options which have been selected from the dropdown list. Q #141) Which is the super interface of webdriver ? SearchContext. Q #142) How to enter text without using sendkeys() ? Yes we can enter text without using sendKeys() method. We have to use combination of javascript and wrapper classes with WebDriver extension class, check the below codepublic static void setAttribute(WebElement element, String

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attributeName, String value) { WrapsDriver wrappedElement = (WrapsDriver) element; JavascriptExecutor driver = (JavascriptExecutor) wrappedElement.getWrappedDriver(); driver.executeScript("arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2])", element, attributeName, value); } call the above method in the test script and the text field attribute and the text you want to enter. Q #143) There is a scenario whenever "Assert.assertEquals()" function fails automatically it has to take screenshot. How can you achieve this ? By using EventFiringWebDriver. SyntaxEventFiringWebDriver eDriver=new EventFiringWebDriver(driver); File srcFile = eDriver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(srcFile, new File(imgPath)); Q #144) How do you handle https website in selenium By changing the setting of FirefoxProfile. Syntaxpublic class HTTPSSecuredConnection { public static void main(String[] args){ FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); profile.setAcceptUntrustedCertificates(false); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); driver.get("url"); } } Q #145) How do you send ENTER/TAB keys in webdriver? use click() or submit() [submit() can be used only when type='submit']) method for ENTER. Or act.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER); For Tabact.sendKeys(Keys.TAB); [email protected]

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where act is Actions class type. ( Actions act = new Actions(act); ) Q #146) What is Datadriven framework & Keyword Driven? Datadriven framework- In this Framework , while Test case logic resides in Test Scripts, the Test Data is separated and kept outside the Test Scripts.Test Data is read from the external files (Excel File) and are loaded into the variables inside the Test Script. Variables are used both for Input values and for Verification values. Keyword Driven framework- The Keyword-Driven or Table-Driven framework requires the development of data tables and keywords, independent of the test automation tool used to execute them . Tests can be designed with or without the Application. In a keyword-driven test, the functionality of the application-under-test is documented in a table as well as in step-by-step instructions for each test. Q #147) While explaining the framework, what are points which should be covered ? 1.What is the frame work. 2. Which frame work you are using. 3. Why This Frame work. 4. Architecture. 5. Explanation of every component of frame work. 6. Process followed in frame work. 7. How & when u execute the frame work. 8. Code (u must write code and explain). 9. Result and reporting . 10. You should be able to explain it for 20 Minutes. Q #148) How to switch back from a frame ? use method defaultContent(). Syntax – driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); Q #149) How to type text in a new line inside a text area ? Use \n for new line. ex- webelement.sendKeys(“Sanjay_Line1.\n Sanjay_Line2.”); it will type in text box as [email protected]

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Sanjay_Line1. Sanjay_Line2. Q #150) What is the use of AutoIt tool ? Some times while doing testing with selenium, we get stuck by some interruptions like a window based pop up. But selenium fails to handle this as it has for only web based application. To overcome this problem we need to use AutoIT along with selenium script. AutoIT is a third party tool to handle window based applications. The scripting language used is in VBScript. Q #151) How to perform double click using WebDriver ? use doubleClick() method. Syntax- Actions act = new Actions(driver); act.doubleClick(webelement); Q #152) How to press Shift+Tab ? String press = Keys.chord(Keys.SHIFT,Keys.TAB); webelement.sendKeys(press); Q #153) What is the use of contextClick() ? It is used to right click. Q #154) What is the difference b/w getWindowHandles() and getWindowHandle() ? getWindowHandles()- is used to get the address of all the open browser and its return type is Iterator<String>. getWindowHandle()- is used to get the address of the current browser where the conrol is and return type is String. Q #155) How do you accommodate project specific methods in your framework ? 1st go through all the manual test cases and identify the steps which are repeating. Note down such steps and make them as methods and write into ProjectSpecificLibrary.

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Q #156) What are different components of your framework ? Library- Assertion, ConfigLibrary, GenericLibrary, ProjectSpecificLibrary, Modules. Drivers folder, Jars folder, excel file. Q #157) How to check all checkboxes in a page ? List<webElement> chkBox = driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//htmltag[@attbute='checkbox']”)); for(int i=0; i<=chkBox.size(); i++){ chkBox.get(i).click(); } Q #158) Count the number of links in a page. use the locator By.tagName and find the elements for the tag //a then use loop to count the number of elements found. Syntax- int count = 0; List<webElement> link = driver.findElements(By.tagName(“a”)); System.out.println(link.size()); // this will print the number of links in a page. Q #159) How do you identify the Xpath of element on your browser ? And- to find the xpath , we use Firebug addons on firefox browser and to identify the xpath written we use Firepath addons. Syntax- //htmltag[@attname='attvalue'] or //html[text()='textvalue'] or //htmltag[contains(text(),'textvalue')] or //htmltag[contains(@attname,'attvalue')] Q #160) What is Selenium Webdriver ? WebDriver is the name of the key interface against which tests should be written in Java. All the methods of WebDriver have been implementated by RemoteWebDriver. Q #161) What are the different assertions or check points used in your script? The common types of validations are: a) Is the page title as expected b) Validations against an element on the page c) Does text exist on the page

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d) Does a javascript call return an expected value method used for validation – Assert.assertEquals(); Q #162) What is the difference between before method and before class ? @BeforeMethod- this will execute before every @Test method. @BeforeClass- this will execute before every class. Q #163) What are the different attributes for @Test annotation? alwaysRun, dataProvider, dependsOnMethods, enabled, expectedExceptions, timeOut etc. ex- @Test(expectedExceptions = ArithmeticException.class), @Test(timeOut = 2000). Q #164) What is object repository ? An object repository is a very essential entity in any UI automation tool. A repository allows a tester to store all the objects that will be used in the scripts in one or more centralized locations rather than letting them be scattered all over the test scripts. The concept of an object repository is not tied to WET alone. It can be used for any UI test automation. In fact, the original reason why the concept of object repositories were introduced was for a framework required by QTP. Q #165) What is testing strategy ? A Test Strategy document is a high level document and normally developed by project manager. This document defines “Software Testing Approach” to achieve testing objectives. The Test Strategy is normally derived from the Business Requirement Specification document. Q #166) Difference between Web driver listener and TestNG Listener. TestNG and Web driver Listener have different interfaces to implement and call them. They both modify respective behaviour. You can use Listeners in Annotation. Q #167) Which is the best way to locate an element? Finding elements by ID is usually going to be the fastest option, because at its root, it eventually calls down to document.getElementById(), which is optimized by many browsers. Finding elements by XPath is useful for finding elements using very complex selectors, and is the most flexible selection strategy, but it has the potential to be very slow,

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particularly in IE. In IE 6, 7, or 8, finding by XPath can be an order of magnitude slower than doing the same in Firefox. IE provides no native XPath-over-HTML solution, so the project must use a JavaScript XPath implementation, and the JavaScript engine in legacy versions of IE really is that much slower. If you have a need to find an element using a complex selector, I usually recommend using CSS Selectors, if possible. It's not quite as flexible as XPath, but will cover many of the same cases, without exhibiting the extreme performance penalty on IE that XPath can. Q #168) Why we refer Firefox driver to the web driver inheritance. web Driver driver = new FireFoxDriver(); WebDriver is an interface which contain several abstract methods such as get(...), findElamentBy(...) etc. We simply create reference of web Driver and we can assign objects (Firefox driver, CromeDriver, IEDriver, Andriod driver etc) to it. Ex : WebDriver driver = new FireFoxDriver();-----------(1) If we are using (1) we can do the same thing by using FireFoxDriver driver = new FireFoxDriver();---------(2) We can use (1) and (2) for same purpose but if we want to switch to another browser in same program then again we have to create the object of other class as for example CromeDriver driver = new CromeDriver();. creating object of several class is not good. So we create the reference of WebDriver and we assign the objects of another class as for example WebDriver driver; // it is created only one time in the program driver = new FireFoxDriver();// any where in the program driver = new CromeDriver(); // any where in the program Q #169) What is the difference between thread.Sleep() and selenium. Set Speed ("2000")? [email protected]

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If the application is taking time to load the page then we use selenium.waitforpageload(" "). This command is doesn’t wait upto the given time whenever the page load is completed. If the application is taking time to refresh the page, then we use Thread. Sleep ( ).it is a standard wait it simply wait to the given time. selenium.setSpeed 1. Takes a single argument in string format Ex: selenium.setSpeed("2000") - will wait for 2 seconds 2. Runs each command in after setSpeed delay by the number of milliseconds mentioned in set Speed. thread.sleep 1. Takes a single argument in integer format ex: thread. Sleep(2000) - will wait for 2 seconds 2. Waits for only once at the command given at sleep. Q #170) In what situation selenium finding element get fails?  

· Element loading issue · Dynamic id of web element

Q #171) How we can retrieve the dynamically changing Ids? It can be handled through customized xpath    

preceding-sibling following-sibling contains method starts-with() method

Q #172) What is the basic use of Firefox profiles and how can we use them using selenium? A profile in Firefox is a collection of bookmarks, browser settings, extensions, s, and history; in short, all of your personal settings. We use them to change agent, changing default directory, changing versions etc.

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Q #173) Customize the name of file going to be ed? You have to AUTO IT.exe file and has to be install and later you have create .au3 file (in this file you have to specify the commands in VB script like your file name, where have to save, it will be easy may be 3 or 4 steps ) using AUTOIT...then right click the .au3 file you have to compile ....after that you will get the .exe file with the name of .au3 file ..In eclipse you will give the code like this <----ProcessBuildderps = new ProcessBuilder("path of the .exe file of au3") .start();---> Q #174) How to handle internationalisation throughweb driver? FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); profile.set Preference("intl.accept_languages","jp"); Web driver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); driver.get(google.com) will open google in Japanese Lang Q #175) How to overcome same origin policy through web driver? 

· Proxy server.

DesiredCapabilities capability=new DesiredCapabilities.firefox(); capability.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY,"your desire proxy") WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver(capability); Q #176) Difference between flex and flash application. In flash there is no code just based on creativity(design) we will complete the work(time consuming process) whereas flex contain some small functions which is integrated with mxml,PHP..(no tool is there to develop flex we want to use the properties of css and style sheet) Q #177) What is Error Collector in TestNG? What is its use? This class allows the collection of errors during the process of retrieving the test data for the test method parameters [email protected]

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Q #178) How to run tests in multiple browser parallel? Is there any other option other than selenium grid? You create a class with a method something like this: public class LaunchBrowser { WebDriver driver=null; // parameter browser from test.xml @Parameters(“browser”) public void initiateBrowser(String browser){ // compare browser to fire fox and then open firefox driver if(browser.equals(“Firefox”)) { driver = new FirefoxDriver(); } else { \ set path to the IE driver correctly here System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "\iexploredriver.exe"); driver =new InternetExplorerDriver(); } } Now create YourClassName class and call extend the above class something like this @Test public class YourClassName extends LaunchBrowser{ public void gotoGoogle(){ driver.get(“http://www.google.com"); } } Q #179) How to prepare Customized html Report using TestNG in hybrid framework. Below are the 3 ways: [email protected]

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• Junit: with the help of ANT. • TestNG: using inbuilt default.html to get the HTML report. Also XST reports from ANT, Selenium, TestNG combination. • Using our own customized reports using XSL jar for converting XML content to HTML. Q #180) How the TestNG interacts with Selenium Core? Explain me steps and internal architecture?"What is TestNG? So far we had been doing Selenium tests without generating a proper format for the test results. From this point on, we shall tackle how to make these reports using a test framework called TestNG. TestNG is a testing framework that overcomes the limitations of another popular testing framework called JUnit. The "NG" means "Next Generation". Most Selenium s use this more than JUnit because of its advantages. There are so many features of TestNG, but we will only focus on the most important ones that we can use in Selenium.Advantages of TestNG over JUnit There are three major advantages of TestNG over JUnit:   

Annotations are easier to understand Test cases can be grouped more easily Parallel testing is possible

Q #181) Is it possible test web services using selenium? Using Jmeter we can test how one website is talking to each other means time taken to send data, feeds, messages from one website to other website. Jmeter does a nice job of doubling for performance and api tests. Q #182) How to refresh a page without using context click? 1.UsingsendKeys.Keys method 2.Usingnavigate.refresh() method 3.Usingnavigate.refresh() method 4.Using get() method [email protected]

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5.UsingsendKeys() method 1.UsingsendKeys.Keys method driver.get("https://s.google.com/"); driver.findElement(By.id("firstname-placeholder")).sendKeys(Keys.F5); 2.Usingnavigate.refresh() method driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in/2013/12/100-seleniuminterview-questions.html"); driver.navigate().refresh(); 3.Using navigate.to() method driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in/2014/01/selenium-hybridframework-using.html"); driver.navigate().to(driver.getCurrentUrl()); 4.Using get() method driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in/2013/12/basic-core-javainterview-questions.html"); driver.get(driver.getCurrentUrl()); 5.UsingsendKeys() method driver.get("https://s.google.com/"); driver.findElement(By.id("firstname-placeholder")).sendKeys("\uE035"); Q #183) Can you send a code for printing in selenium? There are two cases: Case1. Any hyperlink/button on a web page, n clicking that link/button a print dialog box opens. (Performing an action on web page)

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Case2.or do u want to open print dialog box within ur own script, not by performing any action on web page. So If Case 1: just a call for WebElement.click() event will work to open it. If Case 2: Call a Printer Job object (Use Awt API). For code: Google it. Q #184) How to find broken images in a page using Selenium Web driver. 1. Get xpath and then using tag name; get all the links in the page 2. Click on each and every link in the page 3. In the target page title, look for 404/500 error. How to find broken images in a page using Selenium package programs; import import import import import import import import

java.util.List; org.apache.http.HttpResponse; org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; org.openqa.selenium.By; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class findbrokenimages { static intinvalidimg; static WebDriver driver ; public static void main(String[] args) { try { driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in"); invalidimg = 0; List allImages = driver.findElements(By.tagName("img")); System.out.println("Total images are " + allImages.size()); for (int i = 0; i
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} } System.out.println("Total invalid images are " + invalidimg); driver.quit(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } }

public static void imgActive(WebElementimg) { try { HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpClient().execute(new HttpGet(img.getAttribute("src"))); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 200) invalidimg++; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } Q #185) How to handle Ajax popup window? By using getWindowHandles() and obj.switchTo.window(windowid) we can handle popups using explicit wait and driver.swtchT0.window("name") commands for your requirements. Q #186) How to handle auto complete box in web driver? How to handle autocomplete box in web driver How to handle autocomplete box in web driver? driver.findElement(By.id("your searchBox")).sendKeys("your partial keyword"); Thread.sleep(3000); List <WebElement rel="nofollow">listItems = driver.findElements(By.xpath("your list item locator")); listItems.get(0).click(); [email protected]

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driver.findElement(By.id("your searchButton")).click();

Q #187) How to get the name of browser using Web Driver? public class JsExecute { WebDriver driver; JavascriptExecutorjs; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { driver=new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://www.google.com"); } @Test public void test() { JavascriptExecutorjs = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; System.out.println(js.executeScript("return navigator.appCodeName")); }} OR String s = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("return navigator.Agent;"); System.out.println("Browser name : " + s); [email protected]

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Q #188) How to handle colors in web driver? Use getCssValue(arg0) function to get the colors by sending 'color' string as an argument. Example String col = driver.findElement(By.id(locator)).getCssValue("color"); Q #189) How to parameters from testng.xml into test case. import import import import import import import import

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver; org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest; org.testng.annotations.Parameters; org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class Parallelexecution { private WebDriver driver = null; @BeforeTest @Parameters({ "BROWSER" }) public void setup(String BROWSER) { System.out.println("Browser: " + BROWSER); if (BROWSER.equals("FF")) { System.out.println("Firefox Browser is selected"); driver = new FirefoxDriver(); } else if (BROWSER.equals("IE")) { System.out.println("Internet Explorer Browser is selected"); driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(); } else if (BROWSER.equals("HU")) { System.out.println("Html Unit Browser is selected"); driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(); } else if (BROWSER.equals("CH")) { System.out.println("Google chrome Browser is selected"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); } }

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@Test public void testParallel() throws Exception { driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in/2013/12/100-seleniuminterview-questions.html"); } } Q #190) How to get text from captcha image?? driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='SkipCaptcha']")).click(); String attr = ie.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='SkipCaptcha']")).getAttribute("value"); System.out.println("The value of the attribute 'Name' is " + attr); Q #191) Is there a way to click hidden LINK in web driver? String Block1 = driver.findElement(By.id("element ID")); JavascriptExecutor js1=(JavascriptExecutor)driver; js1.executeScript("$("+Block1+").css({'display':'block'});"); Q #192) What Class Extends Web Driver? AndroidDriver, ChromeDriver, EventFiringWebDriver, FirefoxDriver, HtmlUnitDriver, InternetExplorerDriver, IPhoneDriver, PhantomJSDriver, RemoteWebDriver, SafariDriver Q #193) What are the APIs that Web Driver? API are nothing but collection of all selenium commands for Locating UI Elements (WebElements),Fetching a Page, Input etc… Q #194) How to disable cookies in browser. Using deleteAllVisibleCookies() in selenium Q #195) We have heard about frameworks well it can be broadly classified into these TDD, BDD and ATDD frameworks .What’s the Difference? TDD- Test Driven Development, Behaviour Driven Development & Acceptance TestDriven Development

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Well, you could see the above Acronyms buzzing over all Automation folks. I was not sure on what it means and How it differs each other. How each methodology will benefit? and where exactly it will help in the Development Life cycle. Finally, after some analysis I had found out the differences and posting it here. Readers are always welcomed to correct me if I am wrong. First lets list out what exactly each methodology does means TDD – Test Driven Development Its also called test-driven design, is a method of software development in which unit testing is repeatedly done on source code. Write your tests watch it fails and then refactor it. The concept is we write these tests to check if the code we wrote works fine. After each test, refactoring is done and then the same or a similar test is performed again. The process is iterated as many times as necessary until each unit is functionally working as expected. TDD was introduced first by XP. I believe I have explained enough in simple . BDD – Behaviour Driven Development Behavior-driven development combines the general techniques and principles of TDD with ideas from domain-driven design DDD-Domain Driven Testing BDD is similar in many ways to TDD except that the word “test” is replaced with the word “Behaviour”. It’s purpose is to help the the folks devising the system (i.e., the developer) identify appropriate tests to write–that is, tests that reflect the behavior desired by the stakeholders. BDD is usually done in very English-like language helps the Domain experts to understand the implementation rather than exposing the code level tests. Its defined in a GWT format, GIVEN WHEN & THEN. Q #196) How to change agent in Firefox by selenium web driver. FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); profile.setPreference("general.agent.override", "some UA string"); Web Driver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); Q #197) What is the MOST challenging test problem in my career in Automation? In my career [email protected]

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Changing XPATHS' between testing server and production server-by keeping generic xpath Keep separate property files for production and UAT automating flash apps Mobile Automation

Q #198) Suppose developer changed the existing image to new image with same xpath. Is test case or fail? Q #199) How to handle network latency using selenium? Using driver.manage.pageLoadingtime for network latency Q #200) How does u handle dynamic elements without usingxpath (with example?) By using classname or css.

Q #201) How to work with radio button in web driver? We can select the value from the drop down by using 3 methods. selectByVisibleText - select by the text displayed in drop down selectByIndex - select by index of option in drop down selectByValue - select by value of option in drop down <select id="44"> WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.id("44")); Select selectElement=new Select(e); // both of the below statements will select first option in the weblist

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selectElement.selectByVisibleText("xyz"); selectElement.selectByValue("1"); Q #202) How to work with dynamic web table? You can get the total number of tags within a or tag by giving the xpath of the or element by using this function List<WebElement>ele = driver.findElements(By.xpath("Xpath of the table")); Now you can use a for each loop to loop through each of the tags in the above list and then read each value by using getText() method. Q #203) Detail about TestNG Test Output folder. It is the directory where reports are generated. Every time tests run in a suite, TestNG creates index.html and other files in the output directory. Q #204) In frame if no frame Id as well as no frame name then which attribute I should consider throughout our script. You can go like this.....driver.findElements(By.xpath("//iframe"))... Then it will return List of frames then switch to each and every frame and search for the locator which you want then break the loop. Q #205) What is object repository? It is collection of object names their properties, attributes and their values .It maye be excel, XML, property file or text file. Q #206) What are the different Parameters for @Test annotation? Parameters are keywords that modify the annotation’s function. Q #207) Can we run group of test cases using TestNG? Test cases in group in Selenium using TestNG will be executed with the below options. If you want to execute the test cases based on one of the group like regression test or smoke test @Test(groups = {"regressiontest", "smoketest"})

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Q #208) In what all case we have to go for “JavaScript executor”. Consider FB main page after you . When u scrolls down, the updates get loaded. To handle this activity, there is no selenium command. So you can go for javascript to set the scroll down value like driver.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,200)", "");

Q #209) What are the different assertions in SIDE? Assertions are like Accessors, but they that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include "make sure the page title is X" and " that this checkbox is checked". All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: "assert", "", and "waitFor". For example, you can "assertText", "Text" and "waitForText". When an "assert" fails, the test is aborted. When a "" fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single "assert" to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of "" assertions to test form field values, labels, etc. "waitFor" commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting. Q #210) How to handle alerts and confirmation boxes. Confirmation boxes and Alerts are handled in same way in selenium. var alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert.dismiss(); //Click Cancel or Close window operation alert.accept(); //Click OK Handle Confirmation boxes via JavaScript, driver.executeScript("window.confirm = function(message){return true;};"); Q #211) How to mouse hover on an element? Actions action = new Actions(webdriver);

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WebElement we = webdriver.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div[13]/ul/li[4]/a")); action.moveToElement(we).moveToElement(webdriver.findElement(By.xpath("/expre ssion-here"))).click().build().perform(); Q #212) How to switch between the windows? private void handlingMultipleWindows(String windowTitle) { Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles(); for (String window : windows) { driver.switchTo().window(window); if (driver.getTitle().contains(windowTitle)) { return; }}} Q #213) How to switch between frames? WebDriver's driver.switchTo().frame() method takes one of the three possible arguments: A number. Select a frame by its (zero-based) index. That is, if a page has three frames, the first frame would be at index "0", the second at index "1" and the third at index "2". Once the frame has been selected, all subsequent calls on the WebDriver interface are made to that frame. A name or ID. Select a frame by its name or ID. Frames located by matching name attributes are always given precedence over those matched by ID. A previously found WebElement. Select a frame using its previously located WebElement. Get the frame by its id/name or locate it by driver.findElement() and you'll be good. [email protected]

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Q #214) What is actions class in web driver? Actions class with web Driver help is Sliding element, Resizing an Element, Drag & Drop, hovering a mouse, especially in a case when dealing with mouse over menus. Dragging & Dropping an Element: importorg.openqa.selenium.By; importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; importorg.openqa.selenium.WebElement; importorg.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; importorg.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class testDragandDrop { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/droppable/default.html"); WebElementdraggable = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='draggable']")); WebElement droppable = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='droppable']")); Actions action = new Actions(driver); action.dragAndDrop(draggable, droppable).perform(); } } Sliding an Element: importorg.openqa.selenium.By; importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; importorg.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

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importorg.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; importorg.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class testSlider { /** * @paramargs * @throws InterruptedException */ public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/slider/default.html"); WebElement slider = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='slider']/a")); Actions action = new Actions(driver); Thread.sleep(3000); action.dragAndDropBy(slider, 90, 0).perform(); } } Re-sizing an Element: importorg.openqa.selenium.By; importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; importorg.openqa.selenium.WebElement; importorg.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; importorg.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class testResizable { [email protected]

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public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/resizable/default.html"); WebElement resize = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='resizable']/div[3]")); Actions action = new Actions(driver); action.dragAndDropBy(resize, 400, 200).perform(); } } Q #215) Write down scenarios which we can't automate? Barcode Reader, Captcha etc. Q #216) Differences between jxl and ApachePOI.     

jxl does not XLSX files jxl exerts less load on memory as compared to ApachePOI jxl doesn't rich text formatting while ApachePOI does. jxl has not been maintained properly while ApachePOI is more up to date. Sample code on Apache POI is easily available as compare to jxl.

Q #217) How to ZIP files in Selenium with an Example? // Sample Function to make zip of reports public static void zip(String filepath){ try { File inputFolder=new File('Mention file path her"); File outputFolder=new File("Reports.zip"); ZipOutputStream out = new ZipOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(outputFolder))); BufferedInputStream in = null; byte[] data = new byte[1000]; String files[] = inputFolder.list(); for (int j=0; j
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(inputFolder.getPath() + "/" + files[j]), 1000); out.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(files[j])); inttotalcount; while((totalcount= in.read(data,0,1000)) != -1) { out.write(data, 0, totalcount); } out.closeEntry(); } out.flush(); out.close(); } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return "Fail - " + e.getMessage(); } }

Q #218) How to do Applet testing using selenium? // selenium setup selenium = new DefaultJavaSelenium("localhost",4444, browserString , url); selenium.start(); selenium.open(url); // get the appletfixure to control fest JAppletFixture AppletFixture dialog = selenium.applet(LIST_APPLET_ID) // fest similar API for autmation testing dialog.comboBox("domain").select("s"); dialog.textBox("name").enterText("alex.ruiz"); dialog.button("ok").click(); Q #219) If Default port no is busy how to change port no? We can use any port number which is valid.. First create an object to remote control configuration. Use 'setPort' method and provide valid port number(4545,5555,5655, etc).. There after attach this remote control configuration object to selenium server..i.e RemoteControlConfiguration r= new RemoteControlConfiguration(); [email protected]

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r.setPort(4567); SeleniumServer s= new SeleniumServer(r); Q #220) Does Selenium https protocols? Yes Q #221) Majorly asked test scenario with framework in Interviews? Majorly asked are: · for Gmail scenario · Goggle search and finding no of results · ing a file and save it · Checking mails and deleting them · Do shopping in flipkart.com Q #222) I want to find the location of ""b"" in the below code, how can I find out without using xpath, name,id, csslocator, index.

<Button>a <Button>b <Button>c

Ans driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(text(),'b')]")).click(); or //div/button[contains(text(),'b']

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